SiO 2(activated or mesoporous silica) /Mg (magnesiothermic or metal sintering aid) /C (activated or polymeric carbon) / N 2(atmosphere) systems were used in the one-step synthesis of β-SiC and β-Si 3 N 4 whiskers. In this study, a mixture of the active precursors was allowed to react via a self-sustaining reaction (highenergy ball milling process). Scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the rod-like SiC whiskers (~800 μm) were synthesized in situ by the direct carbothermal reduction of silicon nitride (or silicon) with activated carbon in N 2 (or Ar) atmosphere. The results show that β-Si 3 N 4 (without β-SiC) was fully formed after 5 h of milling with four different morphologies, namely whisker tip (droplet/no droplet) and nonuniform whiskers (short hexagonal/ rhombohedral/rod-like) with a length of 0.1-400 μm. By adding metal sintering aids, the liquid phase Mg-Si-O-N and the rate of carbothermal reduction increased (enhanced densification via particle rearrangement) and their hexagonal whiskers tended to assume a rod-like shape. The effect of the concentration of CO (reduction of α-Fe 2 O 3 to Fe by CO) on the whisker synthesis suggests that, in addition to the concentration of CO, the nature of the family of mesoporous silica/carbon template is an important factor in the synthesis of β-SiC and β-Si 3 N 4 whiskers. The possible chemical reactions were investigated by studying the unwanted phases (MgO