Effect of microwave exposure time on microstructure and slurry erosion behavior of Ni + 20% Cr7C3 composite clads

Singh, Bhupinder; Zafar, Sunny

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2018.12.016

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Powder preparation: Before the cladding process, the metal matrix powder and hard reinforcement powder must be mixed using a suitable mixing process, so that homogeneous properties of the developed clad can be achieved. In the present work, 60% Ni-based alloy EWAC powder and 40% Cr 3 C 2 powder were mixed in V-mechanical mixer blender (LYZER, Ambala Cantt., India; Model: LVB-1) for 12 h (optimized in various studies) 56 , 57 at 30 r/min although the clad powder must be free from moisture content so that defect-free clad can be produced. Further, the mixed powder was placed in a graphite-coated crucible, and the whole setup was preheated in a domestic microwave oven at 180°C for 10 min using convection mode to eliminate the moisture content in the powder.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr₃C₂ composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus

Mago

Bansal

Gupta

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Cavitation erosion is the primary cause of material failure of the hydroelectric power plant components. The rapid development in the advanced surface engineering techniques has provided an effective treatment solution for cavitation erosion. One such novel method is microwave cladding. Hence, the Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clad was deposited on austenitic stainless steel (SS-316) using a microwave cladding process in the present study. The processing was carried out in a domestic microwave oven of 2.45 GHz frequency and 900 W power. The developed clad was thoroughly characterized for the metallurgical and mechanical properties related to its behavior as a successful cavitation erosion resistance material, like microstructure, crystal structure, porosity, microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness. The results showed that the stripe-type and agglomerated carbides were present in the Ni–40Cr3C2 clad. The developed composite clad consists of various carbides (SiC, Ni3C, Cr3Ni2SiC, Cr7C3, and NiC) and intermetallic phases (Ni3Fe, Ni2Si, and Cr3Si). Microhardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the microwave-processed clad were observed to be 605 ± 80 HV0.3, 813.23 ± 16.2 MPa, and 7.44 ± 0.2 MPa√m, respectively. The microwave-processed composite clad performance in terms of cavitation erosion resistance was determined using the ultrasonic apparatus (ASTM-G32-17). The cavitation experiments were carried out according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, taking into account three parameters: standoff distance, amplitude, and immersion depth. The developed composite clad exhibited significant resistance (mass loss 7.6 times lesser as compared to SS-316) to cavitation erosion. ANOVA results showed the standoff distance as the most important factor followed by amplitude and immersion depth. Least cavitation resistance was observed at a smaller standoff distance, higher amplitude, and lower immersion depth. Linear regression equations were obtained to establish the correlation between parameters and cumulative mass loss. The microwave clad specimens tested at optimized test parameters were damaged in the form of fractured intermetallic, extruded lips, pits, and craters.

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Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr₃C₂ composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus

Mago

Bansal

Gupta

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…8,11 Even, our earlier studies show enhancement of clad properties with the reduction of grain size. 12 Motivated from the fact, in the present study, microwave composite clads were developed using Ni reinforced with micro-and nano-Cr 7 C 3 powder. Microstructural investigation and phase analysis of the microwave clads were performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and mechanical aspects of micrometric and nanometric Ni + 10% Cr₇C₃ composite microwave clads

Singh

Zafar

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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In this paper, we present the development of micrometric and nanometric Ni + 10% Cr7C3 composite clad on ASTM A743 grade CA6NM hydroturbine steel through microwave irradiation. The microstructure of micrometric clad exhibited blade and rod-like structure of carbides embedded in [Formula: see text](Ni, Fe) solid solution, while nanometric clad leads to the evolution of petal-like structure of carbides. The developed nanometric clad shows uniform microstructural features with a low level of carbide decomposition. As a result, the average nanohardness and fracture toughness of nanometric clad improved by 38.11% and 8%, respectively, compared to the micrometric clad. Clads have porosity of the order of 1.1% and 0.81% for micrometric and nanometric clad, respectively.

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“…27,74 Many authors associated the erosion performance with fracture toughness. 4,10,22,46,[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] Fracture toughness (K IC ) is generally defined as the critical stress intensity factor for a preexisting crack when it advances all of a sudden in a rapid way. It is the property of any material with existing crack in the terms of its ability to resist further fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights to improve the tribo-performance of materials used under slurry erosion applications: A review

Yadav

Singh²

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Slurry erosion usually results in the form of damage to the materials of different components having underwater working domain. Numerous industries have suffered due to this kind of wear resulting in frequent breakdowns demanding repeated financial assistance and poor productivity. Properties and tribo-performance of materials related to distinct slurry applications play a significant role in arresting the slurry erosion wear. Slurry erosion depends on different parameters such as impact velocity, impingement angle, shape and size of erodent, slurry concentration and so on. These parameters differ from one application to another and accordingly, specific materials are selected knowing the extent and severity of slurry erosion wear. In the last decade, many authors studied parametrically the tribo-slurry erosion performance of materials, few of them correlated their investigations to the actual in situ conditions of applications. Various authors have analyzed the effect of operating parameters on the mechanism of erosion and conducted the comparative studies of different materials. Many of the investigators attempted to improve the properties and tribo-slurry erosion performance of materials through surface modification techniques; coating, reinforcement, heat treatment, thermo-mechanical process etc. This review is an effort to covers all such kind of explorations.

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Effect of microwave exposure time on microstructure and slurry erosion behavior of Ni + 20% Cr7C3 composite clads

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr₃C₂ composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus

Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr₃C₂ composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus

Microstructural and mechanical aspects of micrometric and nanometric Ni + 10% Cr₇C₃ composite microwave clads

Insights to improve the tribo-performance of materials used under slurry erosion applications: A review

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Effect of microwave exposure time on microstructure and slurry erosion behavior of Ni + 20% Cr7C3 composite clads

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus

Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr3C2 composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus

Microstructural and mechanical aspects of micrometric and nanometric Ni + 10% Cr7C3 composite microwave clads

Insights to improve the tribo-performance of materials used under slurry erosion applications: A review

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Product

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Effect of microwave exposure time on microstructure and slurry erosion behavior of Ni + 20% Cr7C3 composite clads

Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr₃C₂ composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus

Cavitation erosion behavior of microwave-processed Ni–40Cr₃C₂ composite clads: A parametric investigation using ultrasonic apparatus

Microstructural and mechanical aspects of micrometric and nanometric Ni + 10% Cr₇C₃ composite microwave clads