Effect of Mild Exercise Training on Glucose Effectiveness in Healthy Men

Abstract

OBJECTIVE -To detect whether mild exercise training improves glucose effectiveness (S G ), which is the ability of hyperglycemia to promote glucose disposal at basal insulin, in healthy men.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Eight healthy men (18 -25 years of age) underwent ergometer training at lactate threshold (LT) intensity for 60 min/day for 5 days/week for 6 weeks. An insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed before as well as at 16 h and 1 week after the last training session. S G and insulin sensitivity (S I ) were estimated using a minimal-model approach.RESULTS -After the exercise training, VO 2max and VO 2 at LT increased by 5 and 34%, respectively (P Ͻ 0.05). The mild exercise training improves S G measured 16 h after the last training session, from 0.018 Ϯ 0.002 to 0.024 Ϯ 0.001 min Ϫ1 (P Ͻ 0.05). The elevated S G after exercise training tends to be maintained regardless of detraining for 1 week (0.023 Ϯ 0.002 min Ϫ1 , P ϭ 0.09). S I measured at 16 h after the last training session significantly increased (pre-exercise training, 13.9 Ϯ 2.2; 16 h, 18.3 Ϯ 2.4, ϫ10 Ϫ5 ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ pmol/l -1 , P Ͻ 0.05) and still remained elevated 1 week after stopping the training regimen (18.6 Ϯ 2.2, ϫ10 Ϫ5 ⅐ minCONCLUSIONS -Mild exercise training at LT improves S G in healthy men with no change in the body composition. Improving not only S I but also S G through mild exercise training is thus considered to be an effective method for preventing glucose intolerance.

Effect of Moderate Exercise Training on Peripheral Glucose Effectiveness, Insulin Sensitivity, and Endogenous Glucose Production in Healthy Humans Estimated by a Two-Compartment-Labeled Minimal Model

“…Using a conventional minimal model, we previously reported that young distance runners and strength-trained men have a 76 and 30% higher glucose effectiveness (S g ) than that of control subjects, respectively (3,4). In addition, we recently showed that a 6-week mild exercise training improves both the S g and insulin sensitivity (S i ) in healthy men (5). These studies suggest that exercise is one of the unique approaches that may help to increase S g .…”

AICAR Administration Causes an Apparent Enhancement of Muscle and Liver Insulin Action in Insulin-Resistant High-Fat-Fed Rats

“…Exercise training is well known to increase insulin sensitivity under normal conditions (15), and to ameliorate impaired insulin action in insulin-resistant humans (16) and experimental animals (17). A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated that a single bout of exercise enhanced insulin sensitivity 24 h later in insulin-resistant high-fat-fed (HF) rats (18).…”

Biomarkers of endothelial function and insulin resistance response to aerobic exercise versus resistance exercises in obese type 2 diabetic patients

“…Similarly, moderate to heavy-intensity aerobic training (ie, 60%-95% of maximal heart rate) that was done 3 times a week for 6 months was shown to improve insulin sensitivity in both younger (n = 14; mean [SD] (34). Also, In 8 healthy young men, 18 to 25 years of age, 6 weeks of moderate-intensity cycling performed for 1 hour 5 days a week was capable of increasing their insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness (35). lbaftez et al, conducted a study of twice-weekly progressive resistance training for 16 weeks by 10 older men with newly diagnosed T2DM resulted in a 46.3% increase in insulin sensitivity, along with a 7.1% reduction in fasting glycemia and a significant loss of visceral fat (36).…”