Effect of Milk Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria on Diarrheal Incidence, Growth Performance and Microbiological and Blood Profiles of Newborn Dairy Calves

Abstract

The effect of the administration of milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria to calves was evaluated. The strains included were: Lactobacillus murinus CRL1695, Lact. mucosae CRL1696, Lact. johnsonii CRL1693, and Lact. salivarius CRL1702, which were selected for their beneficial and functional properties and isolated from healthy calves in the northwestern region of Argentina. The trial was conducted on a dairy farm located in Tucumán (Holando-Argentino calves). A randomized controlled trial was performed in which 56 new-born animals were divided into two groups: the treated group (T) received the fermented milk for 60 days and the control group (C) only milk. The animals were fed a solid diet ad libitum. The treated group was given a daily dose of 1 × 10CFU of the probiotic fermented milk while the control group was fed milk. Body weight and biometrical parameters were recorded between 15 and 60 days of age, and average daily gain was calculated with three samplings per animal throughout the trial. Rectal swabs and fecal and blood samples were also collected. Results showed the efficacy of the probiotic: lower morbidity and mortality of calves (morbidity was 69.20% in animals without the probiotic, and 46.15% in probiotic-treated animals, with P = 0.09; mortality in C was 34.61 and 7.69% in animals fed with ferment milk; P = 0.02).The calves fed with probiotic evidenced an improvement in nutritional parameters, body condition and weight gain (health index P = 0.01; average daily gain P = 0.03).Viable bacterial numbers showed no differences between the two experimental groups. Hematological parameters and serum proteins were not modified by the treatment. The results suggest that the fermented milk containing lactic acid bacteria can be a viable veterinary product for young calves due to its beneficial effects on health and growth.

Effect of Fibrinolytic Microbes and Enzymes on Biochemical Blood Parameters in Crossbred Calves

“…Similarly, improved hemoglobin (110.0 vs. 98.0 g/L) was observed at the end of the experiment on 20 ml direct oral fed microbes (Propionibacterium jensenii) in Holstein bull-calves (Adams et al, 2008). Contrary to the present study, Maldonado et al (2018) reported non-significantly lower hemoglobin (144 ± 13 vs. 147 ± 42 g/L) in calves fed milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria at 1 × 10 9 CFU/calf. Like present finding on enzyme feeding in calves, the feeding of Jersey x Kankrej lactating cows with live yeast and cocktail of enzymes (xylanase, phytase, cellulase, p-glucanase, pectinase, amylase, protease, a-galactosidase, P-galactosidase and lipase) and only cocktail of enzymes for the period of 24 weeks did not alter the haemoglobin level (Vahora, 2004), while Ghazanfar et al (2015) showed improved (p < 0.05) hemoglobin (13.26 ± 1.20 vs. 9.76 ± 0.55 g/dL) in dairy heifers fed dietary supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yea-Sac 1026 ) at 5 g/day.…”

Direct evidence of preventive effect of severe diarrhea in calf by milk replacer-based probiotic feeding

“…In dairy industry, calf diarrhea has been causing considerable economic losses because of calf mortality, weight loss in surviving calves all over the world, including Hokkaido. Several probiotics have been used as preventive or supportive therapy for dairy cattle and neonatal calf for a long time, and previous reports indicated the bene t calf performance and health [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Fermented milk, an old probiotics for dairy cattle, provides several clinical bene ts for calf breeding, and has been widely used as economical and safe probiotics [26][27][28].…”

“…Fermented milk includes the rich amino acids required for calf growth, and has been used for many years in the dairy industry [26][27][28]. A recent report indicates that the fermented milk enhanced nutritional parameters such as height, weight, and body performance [24]. In addition, the feeding of fermented milk reduced in diarrhea mobility and mortality [24].…”

“…However, the use of probiotics as a supportive therapy in veterinary eld is still limited and incredible because the e cacies of probiotics vary and are inconsistent. Indeed, the immunostimulation method using probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been applied for a long time in the eld of animal husbandry [11,12], but its effect up to the prevention of infectious diseases is inevitable. In addition, although a test of administration of fermented milk to calves using fresh milk has been reported, in this case, coliform also grows at the same time as useful lactic acid bacteria, and possibly causes severe diarrhea.…”

Impact of yeast and lactic acid bacteria on mastitis and milk microbiota composition of dairy cows

“…To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of live yeast on mastitis and milk microorganism based on the high-throughput sequencing, a new method that provide a more complete relative qualification of micro community composition. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is also shown as potential probiotics for therapeutic use against endometrial inflammation and mastitis and prevention for diarrhea in calf, which is capable for the ability to strengthen systemic immune function (Genis et al 2017;Bouchard et al 2015;Maldonado et al 2017). Intramammary LAB incubation increased the amounts of IgG isotypes in blood and milk, as well as lymphocyte proliferation and negative the major bovine mastitis pathogens on dry-off cows, which suggests restored balance in microbiota of the mammary gland and improved systemic immune function (Pellegrino et al 2017).…”