Effect of Mixed Strains on Microbial Community and Flavor Metabolites in Fermentation Process of Chi-Flavor Baijiu

Abstract

The distinct flavor of chi-flavor baijiu (CFB) has garnered significant attention in China. After the optimization of fermentation conditions, Pichia anomala and Lactobacillus plantarum were introduced into the fermentation process to enhance the flavor. Samples inoculated with these mixed strains (SY) exhibited higher levels of alcohol (from 33.04 to 178.55 mg/L) and esters (from 49.51 to 130.20 mg/L) compared to the control group (KB). In SY, P. anomala and L. plantarum were the predominant microorganisms, while Pediococcus and Saccharomyces were more prevalent in KB. Moreover, 68 volatile flavor compounds were detected in SY, as opposed to 64 in KB. Notably, Pichia showed a positive correlation with key flavor compounds. The synergistic fermentation with exogenous strains led to a 52.38% increase in phenethyl alcohol and a 4.91% increase in ethyl lactate. Additionally, the levels of other flavor compounds, like ethyl acetate, γ-nonanolactone, and (E)-2-octenal, also increased. The results demonstrated that the addition of P. anomala and L. plantarum to the fermentation process of CFB significantly increased the contents of flavor compounds. This research reveals valuable insights into flavor enhancement and the microbial community dynamics in CFB production.