Effect of Modulated Microwave Frequencies on the Physiology of a Cyanobacterium,<i>Anabaena doliolum</i>

Kumar, Subash; Singh, Surendra; Samarketu,; Tiwari, Soni; Mishra, Arun Kumar; Pandey, Kapil Deo; Kumar, Ambak

doi:10.3109/15368379909022578

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The mechanisms responsible for these EMF-induced effects and not fully understood and have been the subject of debate 4 , 6 , 8 , 11 – 15 . It is thought that the effects of EMF are diverse and dependent on the strength, frequency, and duration of the EMF exposures 15 , 16 . The EMF microwave effects in GHz frequencies have been studied recently and it was reported that multiple 18 GHz EMF exposures, with specific energy absorption rate (SAR) values between approximately 3.0 and 5.0 kW kg −1 , induced permeabilization of live bacterial cells and yeast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells

Nguyen

Pham

Baulin

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The effect of red blood cells (RBC) exposed to an 18 GHz electromagnetic field (EMF) was studied. The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that exposure of RBCs to 18 GHz EMF has the capacity to induce nanospheres uptake in RBCs. The uptake of nanospheres (loading efficiency 96% and 46% for 23.5 and 46.3 nm nanospheres respectively), their presence and locality were confirmed using three independent techniques, namely scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It appeared that 23.5 nm nanospheres were translocated through the membrane into the cytosol, while the 46.3 nm-nanospheres were mostly translocated through the phospholipid-cholesterol bilayer, with only some of these nanospheres passing the 2D cytoskeleton network. The nanospheres uptake increased by up to 12% with increasing temperature from 33 to 37 °C. The TEM analysis revealed that the nanospheres were engulfed by the cell membrane itself, and then translocated into the cytosol. It is believed that EMF-induced rotating water dipoles caused disturbance of the membrane, initiating its deformation and result in an enhanced degree of membrane trafficking via a quasi-exocytosis process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells

Nguyen

Pham

Baulin

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…An electromagnetic field (EMF) is capable of triggering a variety of biological effects [ 1 – 4 ] upon genes [ 5 – 9 ], proteins and enzyme kinetics [ 10 – 14 ], depending on the EMF strength, frequency, and time of interaction [ 15 , 16 ]. Despite many studies having been undertaken, the mechanisms responsible for the EMF effects are not fully understood and have been the subject of debate [ 1 – 4 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst the bulk temperature rises that occur during EMF exposure may impact the cells, several studies have reported specific effects taking place that cannot be explained solely by this increase in bulk temperature. These effects may be a result of microthermal temperature increases that are not detectable at the macro level [ 4 , 15 , 17 – 20 ], strong polarization effects or subsequent changes in the dielectric constants being induced by the EMF. Other reports, however, suggested that exposure to EMF energy can influence the enzyme kinetics within the cells [ 15 , 17 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects may be a result of microthermal temperature increases that are not detectable at the macro level [ 4 , 15 , 17 – 20 ], strong polarization effects or subsequent changes in the dielectric constants being induced by the EMF. Other reports, however, suggested that exposure to EMF energy can influence the enzyme kinetics within the cells [ 15 , 17 , 21 , 22 ]. Recently, it was reported that exposing bacterial cells to an 18 GHz EMF with a specific energy absorption rate (SAR) of approximately 5.0 kW kg -1 at temperature of 40°C induced permeability in the cell walls of Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , and Planococcus maritimus cells without undermining the viability of the cells [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bioeffects Resulting from Prokaryotic Cells and Yeast Being Exposed to an 18 GHz Electromagnetic Field

et al. 2016

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The mechanisms by which various biological effects are triggered by exposure to an electromagnetic field are not fully understood and have been the subject of debate. Here, the effects of exposing typical representatives of the major microbial taxa to an 18 GHz microwave electromagnetic field (EMF)were studied. It appeared that the EMF exposure induced cell permeabilisation in all of the bacteria and yeast studied, while the cells remained viable (94% throughout the exposure), independent of the differences in cell membrane fatty acid and phospholipid composition. The resulting cell permeabilisation was confirmed by detection of the uptake of propidium iodine and 23 nm fluorescent silica nanospheres using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Upon EMF exposure, the bacterial cell membranes are believed to become permeable through quasi-endocytosis processes. The dosimetry analysis revealed that the EMF threshold level required to induce the uptake of the large (46 nm) nanopsheres was between three and six EMF doses, with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 3 kW/kg and 5 kW/kg per exposure, respectively, depending on the bacterial taxa being studied. It is suggested that the taxonomic affiliation and lipid composition (e.g. the presence of phosphatidyl-glycerol and/or pentadecanoic fatty acid) may affect the extent of uptake of the large nanospheres (46 nm). Multiple 18 GHz EMF exposures over a one-hour period induced periodic anomalous increases in the cell growth behavior of two Staphylococcus aureus strains, namely ATCC 25923 and CIP 65.8T.

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“…On the other hand, in the last few decades several researchers have outlined direct or water-mediated nonthermal effects of EMFs on free ions, on rate and direction of biochemical reactions (such as the melatonin/serotonin balance), and on cell replication (Adey, 1993;Cherry, 1998;Devyatkov, 1974;Rai et al, 1999;Sato et al, 1996;Singh et al, 1994;Webb, 1975). Recently, a nonthermal heatshock response to microwaves has been reported: the hypothesized mechanism includes disruption of weak bonds of protein active forms, enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, and interference with cell-signaling pathways (De Pomerai et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal Microwave Radiations Affect the Hypersensitive Response of Tobacco to Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Betti

Trebbi

Lazzarato

et al. 2004

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Effect of Modulated Microwave Frequencies on the Physiology of a Cyanobacterium,Anabaena doliolum

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells

The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells

The Bioeffects Resulting from Prokaryotic Cells and Yeast Being Exposed to an 18 GHz Electromagnetic Field

Nonthermal Microwave Radiations Affect the Hypersensitive Response of Tobacco to Tobacco Mosaic Virus

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