Effect of moisture content levels on the quality of beech wood cut by CO2 laser

Corleto, Roberto; Gaff, Milan; Rezaei, Fatemeh; Sethy, Anil Kumar; Nemeth, Robert; Valente, Francesco; Ditommaso, Gianluca; Todaro, Luigi

doi:10.1007/s00170-024-14015-7

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

2024

DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-14015-7

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Effect of moisture content levels on the quality of beech wood cut by CO2 laser

Roberto Corleto,

Milan Gaff,

Fatemeh Rezaei

et al.

Abstract: The moisture content of wood in uences its machinability and the resulting quality of the machined surface. This study aims to explore the impact of varied moisture content on the nal quality of beech wood cut by a CO 2 laser (Fagus sylvatica L.). Laser cutting was performed on beech lumbers conditioned at moisture levels of 0%, 8%, 12%, and 18%. The Laser-cut specimens were evaluated for surface roughness and waviness by using a stylus surface pro lometer at three measuring locations: top, middle, and bottom.… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

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The effect of moisture on laser beam wood machining

Knedlová,

Kubišová,

Javořík

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Wood moisture can affect various parameters of the engraving process, such as the depth of engraving, the structure and surface of the wood, and thus the overall quality of the created image. The investigation of the influence of moisture contained in different types of wood on their machining was carried out on samples of oak, beech, pine, spruce, alder, ash and cherry produced using the laser device ILS 3NM, CO2, with a wavelength of 10.6 μm and a maximum power 100 W, with a maximum feed speed of 1524 mm·s“1. The depth of ablation and the surface of the machined surface were studied for selected samples with the moisture of the wood plants in the laboratory room, the outdoor and with the moisture created by immersion in the water bath.

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The effect of moisture on laser beam wood machining

Knedlová,

Kubišová,

Javořík

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Surface Morphology and Chemical Changes of Maple and Beech Cut Through by CO2 Laser Under Different Angles Relative to the Wood Grain

Gurau,

Angelescu,

Timar

2024

Forests

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This paper examined the surface morphology of maple and beech cut through by CO2 laser under different angles relative to the wood grain: 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. In the analysis, stylus measurements, stereo-microscopic images, and chemical changes were considered. Laser uncovers more wood anatomical details, with enhanced clarity, when the cutting transitions from along the grain to across the grain. This is particularly noticeable in the earlywood and is more pronounced in maple compared to beech. The first tissue of earlywood was deeply ablated by the laser, leading to a wavy anatomical pattern, which is more visible for higher angles of laser cutting in relation to the wood grain. The anatomical structure of beech was more affected by carbonization in comparison to maple and had a significantly higher core roughness, Rk. For both species, the worst surface roughness occurred when cutting at 15°. In maple, the laser caused more degradation of the polysaccharides compared to beech, and this impact was particularly noticeable parallel to the grain rather than at a 90° angle. The degradation of hemicelluloses occurred in parallel with more advanced cellulose degradation for beech compared to maple and for cutting along the grain compared to across the grain. Structural changes in lignin, such as condensation processes, were observed for both species.

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Discolouration and Chemical Changes of Beech Wood After CO2 Laser Engraving

Kúdela,

Kubovský,

Andrejko

2024

Forests

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This study evaluated the influence of infrared laser radiation produced by a CO2 laser, performing under different engraving parameters, on the colour changes and chemical composition of a beech wood surface. The results showed that the lightness clearly decreased with increasing laser power and density. At the highest laser power and the highest raster density, the ΔL* value was 51.3. The values of coordinates a* and b* moderately increased up to a raster density of 5 mm−1; then, with a subsequent raster density increase, the values of these coordinates decreased again. However, the coordinate values were positive in all cases. Even the lowest laser power and raster density resulted in conspicuous discolouration or even a completely new colour compared to the original (ΔE = 10) of the beech wood surface. Further increases in the laser power and raster density resulted in progressively pronounced colour differences and a darker brown colour of the surface. The ATR-FTIR chemical analysis of the beech wood surface revealed that discolouration was mainly caused by heat-induced processes associated with the degradation of carbonyl groups (C=O) in lignin and hemicelluloses. The splitting of C=O bonds induced changes in the content of chromophores responsible for the natural wood colour and for the engraving-related discolouration. The study demonstrates that the amount of energy supplied onto the wood surface by a laser beam using diverse combinations of radiation parameters can be represented by a single variable: the total irradiation dose. The functional relation detected between this variable and the colour differences may serve as a basis for using a controlled laser beam for targeted wood surface discolouration to improve the quality of patterns transferred onto a wood surface. Knowledge of this relation will enable the targeted setting of the laser parameters during engraving so that the laser beam can be used as a tool for transferring high-quality patterns onto wood surfaces.

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Effect of moisture content levels on the quality of beech wood cut by CO2 laser

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of moisture on laser beam wood machining

The effect of moisture on laser beam wood machining

Surface Morphology and Chemical Changes of Maple and Beech Cut Through by CO2 Laser Under Different Angles Relative to the Wood Grain

Discolouration and Chemical Changes of Beech Wood After CO2 Laser Engraving

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