Effect of molecular shape on rejection of uncharged organic compounds by nanofiltration membranes and on calculated pore radii

The effects of feed solution temperature on pore size and trace organic contaminant rejection by the nanofiltration membrane NF270

“…In the pore-hindrance model, transport of uncharged solutes through a membrane are governed by two important mechanisms of solute transport through the NF membrane, namely diffusion, as a result of concentration gradients and convection caused by the pressure difference across the membrane [13,17]. Their transport equation is thus given as the sum of the diffusive and the convective terms as follows [12,18]: (3)…”

Theoretical Application of Irreversible (Nonequilibrium) Thermodynamic Principles to Enhance Solute Fluxes across Nanofabricated Hemodialysis Membranes

“…Thus, in diffusion: $\begin{array}{c}{K}_{\text{diff}}\to \mathrm{1}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\text{as}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\lambda \to \mathrm{0},\\ K_{\text{diff}}\to 0\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\text{as}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\lambda \to 1,\\ K_{\text{diff}}=1.0-2.3\lambda +1.154{\lambda }^2+0.224{\lambda }^3\end{array}$ (see [20, 50]). But, whether K diff disappears, as λ → 1, depends on the pore's shape [21].…”

Nanofiltration – Theory and Application

“…As demonstrated in Figure 4.3, NF can be used to separate solutes based on molecular size which has been used in variety of industries. As a result, researchers have attempted to develop novel molecular size descriptors [35][36][37] or explain the discrepancy due to other molecular properties that may affect rejection including hydrophobicity, polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds [32,[38][39][40]. As a result, researchers have attempted to develop novel molecular size descriptors [35][36][37] or explain the discrepancy due to other molecular properties that may affect rejection including hydrophobicity, polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds [32,[38][39][40].…”