Effect of Molecular Weight on the Morphology of Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Particles Prepared by the Solvent Evaporation Method

Tanaka, Takuya; Nakatsuru, Reiko; Kagari, Yoshimi; Saito, Naohiko; Okubo, Masayoshi

doi:10.1021/la802287s

Cited by 97 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The w parameter between PS and toluene depends on the polymer concentration. These effects were not considered in the calculation of interfacial tensions, and as assumed previously, 38 the w parameter was treated as constant in the current study. Figure 1 shows g PS-T/Surf-w and g HD-T/Surf-w with various types of surfactants as functions of w PS and w HD .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of hemispherical polystyrene particles utilizing the solvent evaporation method in aqueous dispersed systems

Tanaka

Yamagami

Nogami

et al. 2012

Polym J

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Various nonspherical polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared by slow evaporation of toluene (used common good solvent) from homogeneous PS/hexadecane (HD)/toluene droplets dispersed in surfactant aqueous solutions at room temperature, followed by the rapid removal of HD from PS/HD particles with various phase-separated morphologies. The morphology of PS/HD particles was controlled by tuning the interfacial tension with various types of surfactants. Hemispherical PS particles with flat surfaces were obtained from phase-separated PS/HD/toluene droplets having a Janus structure, when polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether with an average ethylene oxide chain length of 30.8 was used as the surfactant. Polymer Journal ( Keywords: nonspherical particles; hemisphere; solvent evaporation method; phase separation; interfacial tension; polystyrene INTRODUCTION Nonspherical polymer particles have attracted great attention because of their potential as materials with unique crystal structures, 1-3 light scattering properties 4 and external field-responsive properties (e.g., shear field 5 and electric field 6 ). In general, polymer particles synthesized by heterogeneous polymerizations under thermodynamic control have a spherical shape because of interfacial free energy minimization. However, nonspherical polymer particles have been synthesized under kinetic control utilizing various seeded polymerization methods, 7-24 microfluidic techniques, 25-28 deformation of spherical polymer particles by external force, 29-31 the stepwise heterocoagulation method 32,33 and the self-organized precipitation method. 34 In a previous work, we proposed a novel approach for the preparation of micrometer-sized, monodisperse, nonspherical (i.e., dimpled and hemispherical) polystyrene (PS) particles by successive heating and cooling of spherical PS particles dispersed in a methanol/ water medium in the presence of droplets of decane. 35 Decane was absorbed by the particles during heating, and the particles subsequently phase-separated into PS and decane phases during cooling. Eventually, nonspherical particles reflecting the morphology of phase-separated PS/decane particles were formed by rapid removal of the decane phase. The final particle shape could be controlled simply with the amount of absorbed decane.We have also recently demonstrated morphology control of PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite particles prepared by the slow release of toluene as a common good solvent from homogeneous PS/poly(methyl methacrylate)/toluene droplets dispersed in a surfactant aqueous solution at room temperature (the solvent evaporation method). [36][37][38] It was revealed that the particle morphology could be

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36][37][38] It was revealed that the particle morphology could be controlled by tuning the interfacial tensions by varying the types of surfactant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of hemispherical polystyrene particles utilizing the solvent evaporation method in aqueous dispersed systems

Tanaka

Yamagami

Nogami

et al. 2012

Polym J

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“…Vor kurzem wurden PS/PMMAJanus-Strukturen durch Dispergieren von in Toluol gelçstem PMMA und PS in einer wässrigen Lçsung des Tensids Polyoxyethylennonylphenylether (E911) hergestellt (J-1, Schema 1 a). [57] Während das Toluol verdampft, trennen sich die [58] Axialsymmetrische Janus-Verbundtrçpfchen aus PS-und Abbildung 1. Synthese anisotroper hantelfçrmiger Partikel mit dem Impfpolymerisationsverfahren.…”

Section: Weiche Janus-strukturenunclassified

Streng zweiphasige weiche und harte Janus‐Strukturen – Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen

et al. 2014

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Janus‐Strukturen, die nach dem antiken zweigesichtigen römischen Gott Janus benannt sind, bestehen aus zwei Halbstrukturen (z. B. Halbkugeln) mit unterschiedlichen Zusammensetzungen und Funktionalitäten. In den letzten Jahren wurde eine intensive Erforschung von Janus‐Strukturen aufgrund der faszinierenden Eigenschaften und vielversprechenden potenziellen Anwendungen dieser ungewöhnlich geformten Materialien beobachtet. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die neuesten Fortschritte bei der Synthese, den Eigenschaften und den Anwendungen streng zweiphasiger Janus‐Strukturen, die symmetrische Strukturen aufweisen, aber aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen. Je nach chemischer Zusammensetzung können zweiphasige Janus‐Strukturen in weiche, harte und hybride weiche/harte Janus‐Strukturen unterschiedlichen Aufbaus – kugelförmig, stabförmig, scheibenförmig oder andersförmig – klassifiziert werden. Die wichtigsten Synthesewege zu weichen, harten und hybriden weichen/harten Janus‐Strukturen werden zusammengefasst und ihre besonderen Eigenschaften und Anwendungen vorgestellt. Außerdem werden die Perspektiven der zukünftigen Forschung und Entwicklung aufgezeigt.

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“…[30] As the solvent evaporates, spherical droplets phase separate, and Janus particles were obtained that could be visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Figure 1). Interestingly, the morphology varies in a characteristic manner with the molecular weights of the polymers.…”

Section: From Homopolymers To Janus Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Janus Particles

Wurm¹,

Kilbinger²

2009

Angew Chem Int Ed

224

150

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Since de Gennes' Nobel lecture in 1991, in which he coined the term "Janus grains", research into asymmetric particles has boomed. Macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscopic particles have been prepared in which certain parts of their surface differ in chemical composition, polarity, color, or any other property. Spherical, cylindrical, disc-like, snowman-, hamburger-, and raspberry-like structures have been synthesized from organic or inorganic materials or even as hybrids of both. Synthetic strategies towards such particles vary greatly from simple polymer mixtures to the bulk self-assembly of sophisticated terpolymers to immobilization methods of symmetric particles. Polymeric Janus particles are particularly promising, as they can often be prepared cheaply and sometimes even on larger scales.

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Effect of Molecular Weight on the Morphology of Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Particles Prepared by the Solvent Evaporation Method

Cited by 97 publications

References 53 publications

Preparation of hemispherical polystyrene particles utilizing the solvent evaporation method in aqueous dispersed systems

Preparation of hemispherical polystyrene particles utilizing the solvent evaporation method in aqueous dispersed systems

Streng zweiphasige weiche und harte Janus‐Strukturen – Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen

Polymeric Janus Particles

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