Effect of mouthwashes on the composition and metabolic activity of oral biofilms grown in vitro

Mostajo, Mercedes Fernandez y; Exterkate, R.A.M.; Buijs, Mark J.; Zaura, Egija

doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1876-2

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported that CHX exhibits a broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with the counts of total anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in dental biofilms reducing after treatment with CHX, with particularly large changes in Streptococci, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, and Veilonellae species. 21,22 In addition, the levels of caries-related species and anaerobes within cariogenic microcosm biofilms tended to be lower after exposing them to CHX. 23 The bacterial species identified previously could show that the RF depends on the growth conditions under the QLF lighting conditions, 24 which is attributed to the production of porphyrin compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red fluorescence of dental biofilm as an indicator for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials

Lee

Jong

2018

J. Biomed. Opt.

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The study aimed to determine whether the red fluorescence (RF) of a dental microcosm biofilm as measured with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology is useful for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials. Dental microcosm biofilms were formed on bovine enamel discs and grown under 0.3% sucrose challenge and treated with chlorhexidine (CHX) solutions at different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5%) plus a negative control [sterile distilled water (DW)] twice daily for 7 days. The biofilms were photographed using a QLF-digital system to evaluate the RF by calculating the red/green ratio, and pH values of the medium were measured daily. After 7 days, the bacterial viability of the biofilm was assessed by measuring the counts of viable total bacteria and aciduric bacteria, and the percentage surface microhardness changes (%SHC) was evaluated. The RF and cariogenic properties were compared for the different concentrations of CHX, and their correlations were examined. The RF and its increase rate were much lower for CHX-treated biofilms than for DW-treated biofilms. The RF after 7 days of maturation decreased significantly with increasing CHX concentrations (p<0.001) and was from 31% (for 0.05% CHX) to 46% (for 0.5% CHX) lower than that of the DW group. Strong correlations were reported between the RF of the 7-day-maturation biofilms and cariogenic properties, such as the number of total bacteria (r=0.93), number of aciduric bacteria (r=0.97), supernatant pH (r=0.43), and %SHC (r=0.98). In conclusion, the RF of dental biofilms as measured with QLF technology can be used to nondestructively assess and monitor the effect of antimicrobials against biofilm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red fluorescence of dental biofilm as an indicator for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials

Lee

Jong

2018

J. Biomed. Opt.

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“…In the present study, the reduction of GBI after the use of Ardox-X toothpaste can be due to the active oxygen in the toothpaste, which reduces the pathogens causing periodontal disease and bleeding. (12,13) The PI is more related to the way a person brushes and has less to do with toothpaste. (19,20) Therefore, in the present study, no significant difference was found in the PI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fernandez Y Mostajo et al investigated the antimicrobial potential of Ardox-X active oxygen in the form of mouthwash on oral bacteria and dental plaque. (12,13) They showed that Ardox-X changes the composition and metabolism of bacteria. The most susceptible are gram-negative anaerobic bacteria such as Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Veillonella.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the Ardox-X mouthwash containing oxygenating agents (peroxoborate) has been introduced to the market, which has been known to selectively inhibit oral bacteria. (12)(13)(14) Previous studies have shown that toothpastes containing therapeutic agents, such as propolis, thiocyanate, and carbamide peroxide, can be effective in improving periodontal parameters such as reducing gingival bleeding. (15)(16)(17) Another substance that can be used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for implant hygiene is active oxygen with Ardox-X technology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ardox-X, as an auxiliary active substance in mouthwashes, has been effective in the treatment and prevention of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. (11)(12)(13) However, there has been no clinical study of the effect of this substance as an adjunctive substance in toothpastes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ardox-X Active Oxygen-Containing Toothpaste on Periodontal Parameters in Dentate and Implant-Wearing Patients

Moghaddas

Sarkarat²,

Zarbakhsh

et al. 2019

J Res Dentomaxillofac Sci

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ARTICLE INFO Article HistoryBackground and Aim: Reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms can contribute to reducing the incidence and epidemiology of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of Ardox-X active oxygen-containing toothpaste on periodontal indices in patients with at least 1 to 2 implants. Materials and Methods:In this crossover randomized clinical trial, 30 subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n=15). Oral hygiene instructions were delivered to all subjects before the study. Scaling and root planing (SRP) were performed for all subjects. The subjects were instructed to brush with Oral-B toothpaste and toothbrush twice daily for at least two minutes. All subjects returned 10 days later, and the plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were measured. The first group received Ardox-X, and the second group received Oral-B toothpaste. Both groups presented after 7 days, and GBI and PI were measured. SRP was performed again, and the plaque was zeroed. Both groups spent the wash-out period for 10 days. Next, the indices were measured again. The Ardox-X group received Oral-B toothpaste and vice versa. After 7 days, both groups returned, and the indices were measured again. T-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: No significant difference was observed in the PI changes between the control (0.88±0.22%) and case (0.83±0.22%) groups (P<0.6). The changes in the GBI were significantly different between the control (3.9±3.4%) and case (1.5±2%) groups (P<0.01). Conclusion:The results of this study showed that Ardox-X toothpaste performs better than the control group (Oral-B) in terms of the GBI.

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How well do antimicrobial mouth rinses prevent dysbiosis in an in vitro periodontitis biofilm model?

Zayed,

Vertommen,

Simoens

et al. 2024

Journal of Periodontology

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BackgroundPeriodontal diseases are associated with dysbiosis in the oral microbial communities. Managing oral biofilms is therefore key for preventing these diseases. Management protocols often include over‐the‐counter antimicrobial mouth rinses, which lack data on their effects on the oral microbiome's ecology, bacterial composition, metabolic activity, and dysbiosis resilience. This study examined the efficacy of antimicrobial mouth rinses to halt dysbiosis in in vitro oral biofilms under periodontitis‐simulating conditions.MethodsMultispecies oral biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs (HADs) and rinsed daily with one of six mouth rinses. Positive and negative controls were included. After three rinses, biofilms were analyzed with viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction and visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Supernatants of rinsed biofilms were used for metabolic activity analysis. In addition, human oral keratinocytes were exposed to rinsed biofilms to assess their inflammatory response. All outputs were analyzed for correlation using Spearman coefficient.ResultsProduct‐related changes were observed in the rinsed biofilms. Three of the six tested mouth rinses could significantly prevent dysbiosis with ≥30% reduction in pathobiont abundance relative to the control. These biofilms had lower metabolic activity, and the exposed human oral keratinocyte produced less interleukin‐8. Interleukin‐8 production correlated to both pathobiont quantity and the metabolic activity of the biofilms.ConclusionSome mouth rinses could support biofilm resilience and stop dysbiosis evolution in the biofilm model, with a clear product‐related effect. Such mouth rinses can be considered for patients under maintenance/supportive periodontal therapy to prevent/delay disease recurrence. Others are more useful for different periodontal therapy stages.

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Effect of mouthwashes on the composition and metabolic activity of oral biofilms grown in vitro

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Red fluorescence of dental biofilm as an indicator for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials

Red fluorescence of dental biofilm as an indicator for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials

Effect of Ardox-X Active Oxygen-Containing Toothpaste on Periodontal Parameters in Dentate and Implant-Wearing Patients

How well do antimicrobial mouth rinses prevent dysbiosis in an in vitro periodontitis biofilm model?

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