Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of phenolic foam via in-situ polymerization

Li, Qiulong; Lin, Changjian; Li, Xiaohai; Zhang, Jinjin; Zhang, Xian; Zheng, Kang; Fang, F.; Zhou, Haifeng; Tian, Xingyou

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.11.014

Cited by 70 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…26,44 Here, the compression strength and modulus obtained under different conditions are respectively plotted against the densities of the corresponding foams in Fig. 13.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigid thermosetting epoxy/multi-walled carbon nanotube foams with enhanced conductivity originated from a flow-induced concentration effect

Liu

Bao

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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Herein, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced rigid epoxy foams were innovatively prepared using expandable microspheres. A two-step technique, including prepolymerization and consecutive foaming, was employed to avoid the thermal degradation of epoxy due to the uncontrolled violent curing reaction. The effects of foaming on the MWCNT inter-connectivity, electrical percolation threshold, and through-plane electrical conductivity were investigated. Moderately foamed epoxy/ MWCNT composites were confirmed to have better conductivity than their solid counterparts at the same MWCNT content. An effect we called flow-induced concentration increases the inter-connectivity by separating MWCNTs from a flowing matrix caused by thermally triggered expansion of microspheres, and changes the MWCNT distribution. For the foamed composites with 2 wt% microspheres, the electrical percolation threshold is approximately 0.3 wt% and the conductivity is obviously higher than that of the solid counterpart. Relationships between microstructures and conductivities were also discussed. The mechanical property and cellular structures of conductive foams obtained under different foaming temperatures, prepolymerization time, microsphere and MWCNT contents were respectively evaluated. All the results reveal that lightweight conductive epoxy foams with lower filler content and enhanced conductivity can be fabricated for applications in electronics, automobiles, and aerospace.

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“…26,44 Here, the compression strength and modulus obtained under different conditions are respectively plotted against the densities of the corresponding foams in Fig. 13.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigid thermosetting epoxy/multi-walled carbon nanotube foams with enhanced conductivity originated from a flow-induced concentration effect

Liu

Bao

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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“…10,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Furthermore, it also has a high thermal stability over a wide temperature range, keeping stable performance from 2196 to 200 8C and high self-ignition temperature of 480 8C. 17,21,[24][25][26][27] However, PF has low thermal insulating performance compared with other polymer foams due to its high thermal conductivity (0.4 W/mK) in the solid state, which severely restricts their application in many fields. 24 Hence, it is very important to improve its thermal insulating property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nano‐titanium nitride on thermal insulating and flame‐retardant performances of phenolic foam

Chen

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles were employed to achieve enhanced thermal insulation and flame retardance of phenolic foam (PF)/TiN nanocomposites (PFTNs) via in situ polymerization. The morphologies of PFTNs were observed by scanning electron microscope and the images showed that the PFTNs have more uniform cell morphologies compared with pure PF. Thermal insulating properties of PFTNs were evaluated by thermal conductivity tests. The introduction of TiN obviously decreased the thermal conductivities of PF over a wide temperature range (220 to 60 8C). Significantly, the thermal conductivity of PFTNs gradually decreased as the temperature increased from 30 to 60 8C, showing a contrary tendency with that of pure PF. Moreover, the thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of PFTNs were estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL-94 vertical burning and limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, respectively. The TGA and LOI results indicated that PFTNs possess enhanced thermal stabilities and fireretardant performances with respect to the virgin PF.

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“…The first stage is between 25°C and 200°C, and the mass loss is about 6.5%, which is due mainly to the evaporation of water, the release of excessive phenol, formaldehyde, and short oligomers in the foam. The second stage is between 200°C and 400°C and the maximum decomposition temperature (T max1 ) is 245.7°C, which is due to the decomposition of surfactant (Tween‐80) and curing agent in phenolic foam . The third stage is between 400°C and 800°C and the maximum decomposition temperature (T max2 ) is 477.4°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second stage is between 200°C and 400°C and the maximum decomposition temperature (T max1 ) is 245.7°C, which is due to the decomposition of surfactant (Tween-80) and curing agent in phenolic foam. 24 The third stage is between 400°C and 800°C and the maximum decomposition temperature (T max2 ) is 477.4°C. The loss of mass in this stage is significantly increased, which is due mainly to the severe cracking of PR.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Pf and Pf Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and mechanism of polyurethane prepolymer and boric acid co‐modified phenolic foam composite: Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties

Chen

Xu³

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, a new kind of co‐modified phenolic foam was synthesized with polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) and H3BO3 by a simple preparation method. Firstly, in order to determine the optimal amount of PUP, the effects of different PUP additions on the mechanical properties, foam microstructure, and pulverization rate of phenolic foam were investigated. Then H3BO3 was added to toughened phenolic foam, in order to reduce its fire hazard. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the PFPUP8 phenolic foam composite were the best when the PUP content was 8 wt%. It had a small and regular cell structure, and its pulverization ratio was reduced by 80% compared with that of pristine phenolic foam. Meanwhile, the flame retardant properties of PFPUP8 were improved in different degrees with an increase in the amount of H3BO3. Particularly, when the addition of H3BO3 was 10 wt%, the peak heat release rate, the total heat release, and the total smoke release values of PFPUP10B were decreased by 35.4%, 42.4%, and 45.2%, respectively, compared with those of PFPUP8. The value of the limit oxygen index was increased by 33.1%. Besides, the addition of H3BO3 had no adverse effect on the mechanical properties and pulverization ratio of PFPUP8. In addition, the specific mechanisms of toughening, flame retardant, and smoke suppression are also discussed in this paper on the basis of an investigation into the thermal properties of the toughened flame retardant foam composites by thermogravimetric analysis in N2 atmosphere.

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Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of phenolic foam via in-situ polymerization

Cited by 70 publications

References 52 publications

Rigid thermosetting epoxy/multi-walled carbon nanotube foams with enhanced conductivity originated from a flow-induced concentration effect

Rigid thermosetting epoxy/multi-walled carbon nanotube foams with enhanced conductivity originated from a flow-induced concentration effect

Effect of nano‐titanium nitride on thermal insulating and flame‐retardant performances of phenolic foam

Preparation and mechanism of polyurethane prepolymer and boric acid co‐modified phenolic foam composite: Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties

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