“…For this purpose, the authors developed and validated the Top Management Support Questionnaire (TMSQ) as reported in Ahmed et al (2016). The scale development process for measurement of a five-dimensional construct of top management support included item creation, item sorting, instrument testing, and instrument validation processes, adapted from earlier studies (Akter, D'Ambra, & Ray, 2013;Amundsen & Martinsen, 2014;Schmiedel, Vom, & Recker, 2014).…”