Effect of mutual shading on dry-matter production in the tropical rice plant

Kawano, Kazuo

doi:10.1007/bf01373079

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Variation in stomatal resistance in field conditions might account for some of the large differences observed by Heichel & Musgrave (110), but this parameter was not studied. Varietal differences in photo synthetic capabilities also have been reported for rice (182,183,222). How ever, the rates were generally low, and Takeda (221) since has obtained faster rates of net photosynthesis by rice using attached leaves and large air-flow rates through the leaf chamber.…”

Section: Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 90%

Agricultural Productivity

Loomis¹,

Williams²,

Hall³

1971

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

128

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Man's dependence upon food resources from cultivated lands had its genesis some 10,000 years ago, and the resulting technology of crop hus bandry has been the principal factor permitting large increases in human population. The potential for food production in conventional agriculture and in alternative systems is undergoing intensive re-examination now be cause of current rapid population growth and attendant pressures for conver sion of highly productive, cultivated lands to other uses. The develop ment of plant physiology as a discipline has been closely linked to the de velopment of agriculture and agricultural research, so it is well that we attempt to take inventory in this review of how our research relates to cur rent and future problems in agricultural productivity.Let us focus our examination of agricultural ecosystems first upon several constraints which limit us in comparative analyses of diverse systems and which serve to shape research needs.First, agricultural systems are basically photosynthetic systems and hence must be assessed for their efficiency in conversion of solar irradiance in terms of both primary productivity and useful end products. This means focusing not only on basic aspects of photosynthesis at leaf and cellular levels but also at the community level. Responses to crowding, the dynamics of canopy development, and canopy persistence over the growing season become crucial matters. Time itself must be viewed as a resource.Second, the choice of crop species is heavily influenced by factors un related to primary production potential. Food, feed, and fiber preferences and secondary constraints such as pests, ease of culture, and the need for diversity in operations establish economic priorities which frequently over ride consideration of biological efficiency, Thus, in The Netherlands, grasses may accumulate 1000 g m-2 of dry matter before the time that maize can even be planted (210). However, significant amounts of maize are grown in The Netherlands because of its utility as a concentrated carbohydrate source. Also, it appears that genetic selection generally has favored quantity and quality of economic yield, variables which often correlate poorly with community productivity. These same factors encourage the culture of a desirable plant to be extended towards the limits of its climatic adaptation. Thus, economically attractive cropping systems may be transposed to en-431 7518 Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. 1971.22:431-468. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by North Dakota INBRE on 11/19/14. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Section: Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 90%

Agricultural Productivity

Loomis¹,

Williams²,

Hall³

1971

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

128

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“…For example, the comparison between No. 1 is also a possibility of having high-yielding varieties with short duration in a dense planting. Similarly, No.…”

Section: Grain Yield and Plant Traitsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Varietal traits limiting the grain yield of tropical maize IV. Plant traits and productivity of tropical varieties

Yamaguchi

1974

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…The fraction of shoot carbon lost from all four species in one diurnal pcriodpresumably in respirationrepresented about a quarter of that assimilated in the photoperiod of 8.4 h. Lian & Tanaka (1967) observed rapid losses of respiratory carbon in the 24 h following its assimilation in rice using the tracer technique, while McCree (1970) with white clover and Heichel (1971) with maize have measured respiratory losses with infra-red gas analysis techniques of 22-33 yo of the photosynthetic substrate. In other experiments, respiration losses have been assessed at between 10 and 60 % of photosynthesis in a range of plant genotypes, environments and treatments (Tanaka & Kawano, 1966; Ludlow & Wilson, 1968). In these experiments, the lack of any differences between the species in respiratory losses was unexpected.…”

Section: ' 43mentioning

confidence: 99%

The utilization of recently assimilated carbon in graminaceous plants

Ryle

Powell

1974

Annals of Applied Biology

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S U M M A R YIsotopic carbon and infra-red gas analysis techniques were used to measure the following growth attributes in maize, sorghum, winter wheat and perennial ryegrass: the rate of entry of carbon into each main shoot leaf; the rate of translocation of leaf assimilate to meristems; the fraction of leaf and total shoot assimilate respired in one diurnal period; and the distribution of residual assimilate to new leaf, stem, axillary shoots and root.The two tropical plants possessed higher leaf assimilation rates and larger leaves than the temperate species, but their efficiency of translocation was only marginally superior in the experimental conditions. In all species, c. 25 yo of the assimilate generated in the 8-4 h photoperiod was respired in in the same diurnal period. Maize and sorghum partitioned a greater proportion of their total shoot assimilate to new leaf tissue at the main shoot apex and to root than wheat and ryegrass. On the other hand, wheat and ryegrass exported up to 30 yo of their assimilate to axillary shoots; in sorghum, little assimilate was translocated to axillary shoots, while in maize this activity was completely absent.Plant habit, as exemplified by the contrast between the annual, single-axis maize plant and the perennial, multi-tillering ryegrass plant, appears to be a reflexion of the pattern of assimilate distribution to areas of potential growth. With the exception of superior leaf assimilation rates in maize and sorghum, the four species showed no marked differences in respect of the production, transport and respiratory utilization of assimilates. 6 A P B 77 6-2

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Effect of mutual shading on dry-matter production in the tropical rice plant

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Agricultural Productivity

Agricultural Productivity

Varietal traits limiting the grain yield of tropical maize IV. Plant traits and productivity of tropical varieties

The utilization of recently assimilated carbon in graminaceous plants

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