Effect of Mycelial Culture Broth of Ganoderma lucidum on the Growth Characteristics of Human Cell Lines

Abstract

Two types of purified samples, water-soluble (sample A; M. W, 1.2 x 10(6) dalton) and water-insoluble (sample C; M. W., 1.0 x 10(6) dalton) samples, were obtained through consecutive separation processes from the culture broth of Ganoderma lucidia mycelium. It was found that both samples from the culture broth were very effective in inhibiting the growth of several human cancer cell lines, having a 93-85% growth inhibition on Hep3B, AGS and A549 with the least cytotoxicity on the normal human lung cell line, WRL68 of less than 25% the highest supplementation concentration of 1.0 mg/l. In general, the sample C showed greater inhibition of cancer cell growth than the sample A. The same trend was also observed in antimutagenicity using the Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO test) or Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test). The CHO test showed that sample C had higher antimutagenicity on mutagens 4NQO or MMNG than sample A (approximately 40% vs approximately 25%). The percentage of antimutagenicity from the Ames test was lower than that from the CHO test, possibly due to the difference in the sensitivity of mutagens. The water-insoluble sample greatly enhanced the growth of the human T cell line (H9) up to 1 x 10(5) with sample supplementation at 1.0 mg/l concentration from 4.3 x 10(4) without sample supplementation as well as improved the secretion level of both IL-6 and TNF-alpha up to 100 pg/ml from approximately 40 pg/ml without sample supplementation. The kinetics of response to the immune cell growth was illustrated by the response time obtained when the sample concentration was increased. The water-insoluble sample can be used for effectively treating cancer in that it accelerated apoptosis of human carcinoma cells up to 70% compared to less than 50% for the control. The sample also increased the differentiation ratio of HL-60 cells up to 58% after four days of cultivation, compared to 18% in the case of no sample supplementation. These results can be used in implying that the insoluble part of G. lucidium mycelium culture broth must be related to controlling signal transduction, resulting in the regulation of cancer cell growth.

Extract of Ganoderma lucidum prolongs sleep time in rats

“…3B). This result was consistent with others reports that indicated that Ganoderma lucidum activates TNF-␣ in rodents (Zhang and Lin, 1999;Chen et al, 2004;Gao et al, 2005;Ahmadi and Riazipour, 2007) and humans (Chung et al, 2001;Cheng et al, 2007).…”

Mechanisms of the Anticancer Action of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst.: A New Understanding

“…In one study (Chung et al 2001), two types of purified samples, namely water soluble and water insoluble (MW 1.0×10 6 Da), were obtained through consecutive separation processes from the culture broth of G. lucidum mycelium. It was found that the water-insoluble sample (1.0 mg/L) could increase the differentiation ratio of HL-60 cells up to 58% after 4 d of culture compared with an 18% increase in the case of no sample supplementation (Chung et al 2001).…”

“…In one study (Chung et al 2001), two types of purified samples, namely water soluble and water insoluble (MW 1.0×10 6 Da), were obtained through consecutive separation processes from the culture broth of G. lucidum mycelium. It was found that the water-insoluble sample (1.0 mg/L) could increase the differentiation ratio of HL-60 cells up to 58% after 4 d of culture compared with an 18% increase in the case of no sample supplementation (Chung et al 2001). Another study showed that treatment of HL-60 and U937 leukemic cells with GLPS-treated human monocyte-conditioned media resulted in the differentiation of cells into mature monocytes expressing CD14 and CD68 surface antigens in 40% -45% of leukemic cells (Wang et al 1997).…”

The Effects of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> on Initial Events Related to the <i>Bacillus Calmette-Guérin</i> Efficacy and Toxicity on High-Risk Uroepithelial Cells: An <i>in Vitro</i> Preliminary Study

“…This is consistent with reports on the HPV-immortalized Hu35E6E7 HUC cell line [21] and other bladder cancer cells [11,[13][14][15][16]] that IL-6 was commonly up-regulated by BCG. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent immune-stimulator is found in gram-negative bacteria but also easily being extracted from GL by ethanol [30,31]. However, results of LAL test indicated that unlike the BCG, GLe used in current study was negative for LPS.…”