Effect of nano-aluminum hydroxide on mechanical properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene

Qin, Zhaolu; Li, Dinghua; Li, Qian; Yang, Rongjie

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.10.007

Cited by 87 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although the LOI values obtained V ‐0 rating for both VE and TSE, the LOI value exhibited much higher increase with the increase in dosage of Nano‐ZnO, which replaced the IFR by 1–3 wt%. This is due to the reason that the esterification of IFR is catalyzed when Nano‐ZnO dosage does not exceed 3 wt%, which produces compact and steady char layer upon ignition . From 4–6 wt%, more Nano‐ZnO replaced IFR in the composite, due to which the UL‐94 rating was lowered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of Nano‐ZnO and intumescent flame retardant on flame retardancy of polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer composites using elongational flow field

Wang

Fan

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

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In this work, the synergistic effect of Nano‐ZnO and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) on polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (PP/EPDM) composites was researched using an elongational flow field. The results were then compared to shear flow field. The flame retardant mechanism was characterized using thermogravimetric‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR). Furthermore, the flame retardant properties and morphologies of the composites using different flow fields were characterized using cone calorimeter (CC), limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion test (VCT), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the mixture of 1 wt% Nano‐ZnO and 29 wt% IFR which based on the elongational flow field (VZ1) catalyzed the esterification and charring effect more efficiently than that based on the shear flow field (TZ1). The TGA indicated that VZ1 exhibited higher decomposition temperature, and resulted in more char residues than those for TZ1. Furthermore, VZ1 resulted in longer delay for the ignition, and the ignition time was 105 s longer than that for TZ1, which was the longest of all samples. The fire performance index (FPI) was the highest, while the fire growth index (FGI) was the second lowest of all the samples, and resulted in the smallest fire. The digital photos showed that the char layer of VZ1 was more compact than that of TZ1. With the proposed flame retardant exhibited better dispersion and unique “bee‐comb” microstructure in the matrix through elongational flow field, and showed better retarding characteristics than that using shear flow field. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2819–2833, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of Nano‐ZnO and intumescent flame retardant on flame retardancy of polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer composites using elongational flow field

Wang

Fan

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

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“…14 In addition, the mechanism of flame retardancy of ATH can be also explained in terms of heat absorption and burning gas reducing, as discussed in the literature. 14,32,33 Figure 12. XPS images of EP-A0 and EP-A5.…”

Section: Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On improving flame retardant and smoke suppression efficiency of epoxy resin doped with aluminum tri-hydroxide

Chai

Zhu

Gao

et al. 2019

Advanced Composites Letters

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Aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH) was selected as a retardant doped into epoxy resin (EP), and smoke suppression and flame retardancy of ATH/EP were investigated. The results showed that ATH-doped EP has superior performance resisting the flame development and smoke release to EP. Peak heat release rate of EP doped with 15-wt% ATH decreased by 28.49% in comparison with EP; total smoke release of it decreased by 17.65%; production rate of carbon monoxide decreased by 30.24%. The activation energy of it was much smaller than EP due to the decomposition of ATH, but it was 30–40 kJ mol−1 higher than EP in the second stage. Based on analysis of the residual carbon, it was confirmed that ATH can attract lots of heat to produce aluminum oxide (Al2O3) films and H2O at high temperature. H2O decreases the production of flammable gas to inhibit combustion, and Al2O3 films adhered to the residue carbon can insulate air to reduce combustion and smoke release.

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“…12c), SEM imaging showed particles with an average diameter of about 1 μm, and EDS data indicated atomic concentrations of (60.47 ± 0.75) atom % for O, (7.68 ± 0.34) atom % for C, (4.88 ± 0.23) atom % for Si, and (27.17 ± 0.81) atom % for Al. This atomic composition was compatible with a residue generated by the adhesive layer and giving formation to Al 2 O 3 (due to the thermal degradation of VSATH [55]), silica (byproduct of the SI adhesive thermal degradation [42]), and thermally stable carbonaceous residues (possibly oxycarbide [54]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

A novel application of silicone-based flame-retardant adhesive in plywood

Wang

Zammarano

Shields

et al. 2018

Construction and Building Materials

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A silicone-based elastomer filled with vinyl-silane treated aluminum hydroxide was used to replace conventional polyurethane-based adhesive to provide a flame-retardant adhesive for plywood. The shear strength and fire performance of such a silicone-based (SI) adhesive glued plywood (SI/plywood) were investigated and compared to those of the polyurethane-based (PU) adhesive glued plywood (PU/plywood). The shear strength of the SI/plywood [(0.92 ± 0.09) MPa] was about 63% lower than that of the PU/plywood at room temperature, but it was less sensitive to water (62% reduction for the PU/plywood and 30% reduction for the SI/plywood after hot-water immersion at 63 °C for 3 h). The fire performance of plywood was assessed by a simulated match-flame ignition test (Mydrin test), lateral ignition and flame spread test, cone calorimetry, and thermocouple measurements. With a higher burn-though resistance and thermal barrier efficiency, and lower flame spread and heat release rate, the SI/plywood exhibited a superior fire-resistance and reaction-to-fire performance and improved fire-resistance as compared to the PU/plywood. The SI adhesive generated an inorganic protective layer on the sample surface that visibly suppressed glowing and smoldering of the plywood during combustion. The SI adhesive was also combined and reinforced with cellulosic fabric (CF) or glass fabric (GF) to prepare composite plywood (SI/CF/plywood and SI/GF/plywood) with improved fire performance. The cone calorimetry and thermocouple measurements indicated that the use of CF or GF in SI/CF/plywood and SI/GF/plywood, respectively, suppressed the delamination and cracking of the composite plywood and promoted the formation of an effective thermal barrier during smoldering and flaming combustion. Particularly, the SI/GF/plywood exhibited the most effective fire barrier with no crack formation, and the lowest heat release rate among the plywood types investigated in this study.

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Effect of nano-aluminum hydroxide on mechanical properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene

Cited by 87 publications

References 17 publications

Synergistic effect of Nano‐ZnO and intumescent flame retardant on flame retardancy of polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer composites using elongational flow field

Synergistic effect of Nano‐ZnO and intumescent flame retardant on flame retardancy of polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer composites using elongational flow field

On improving flame retardant and smoke suppression efficiency of epoxy resin doped with aluminum tri-hydroxide

A novel application of silicone-based flame-retardant adhesive in plywood

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