Effect of nanoplastics on fish health and performance: A review

Micro and Nano Plastics Distribution in Fish as Model Organisms: Histopathology, Blood Response and Bioaccumulation in Different Organs

“…Indeed, during co-exposure to NPPs and BPA, not only the upregulation of myelin and tubulin basic protein genes in the central nervous system and increased dopamine, but also upregulation of astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) expression in the midbrain and significant inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase enzyme activity [61] were evident. The NPs have shown the ability to absorb organic pollutants (IPA, PCB, DDT, PBDE, PFOA) and heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) and act as a vector for them, thus increasing their bioavailability [6,16,107,108]. They may also contain additives such as bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates [109,110], whose negative effects on the biota are known [39,108,111].…”

“…In the work of Lee et al [112], zebrafish embryos were exposed only to fluorescent NNPs and combined with Au ions, and an increase in deformity and mortality rate was observed as well as the activation of the inflammatory response (increase in the expression of IL6 and IL 1β). Furthermore, ROS levels have increased resulting in mitochondrial damage [6,112]. Equally important are the negative effects of micro and nanoplastics on fish development.…”

“…Micro-nano plastic pollution is a global problem that has generated great interest among scientists and attracted public attention because of the potential health risks associated with exposure to MP/NPs through air [1], water [2,3], and food [4,5]. In the past years, we have seen an increase in the number of scientific works regarding the topic with the declared purpose of understanding the mechanisms underlying pathological manifestations in various organs, through the study of toxicity on cells and tissues to extrapolate risks to mammals [6,7]. This is a very complex topic due to the difficulty involved in analyzing the effects of various types of plastic.…”

Perspectives on Micro(Nano)Plastics in the Marine Environment: Biological and Societal Considerations

“…Micro-and nanoplastics can be available to plankton, organisms present at the base of the food web [18], with potential effects on the trophic web. Despite the knowledge that particles in the nm size range become biologically more reactive and that these particles may be formed from the degradation of larger particles, the study of its effects to marine biota can be considered scarce [25,42]. Nonetheless, the available studies demonstrate that phyto-and zooplankton, the most important producers and consumers of the ocean, have shown sensitivity to micro(nano)plastics.…”

“…Different aquatic species have been used to assess the potential effects of micro(nano) plastics [21,38,42,47]. The available reports suggest that ingestion may be the main route of microplastics entrance in biota and that filter feeding organisms may be more susceptible.…”