“…The model was used to study the effect of the input pulse parameters on the output pulse shape after propagating through the normal dispersion gain medium. The excess kurtosis factor 𝐾 is used to indicate the output pulse shape [13], [28], [29], where the values of -1.2, -1, -0.86, −0.594, 0, and 1.2 are for rectangular, semicircle, parabolic, raised cosine, Gaussian and sech squared > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < pulse shapes, respectively. The excess kurtosis for the pulse in the time domain is calculated as [30]:…”