Effect of Natural and Synthetic Phytohormones on Growth and Development of Higher Basidiomycetes

Abstract

The paper is aimed to analyze the current data on the influence of exogenous growth stimulators on growth and development of higher Basidiomycetes. The historical aspects about discovery and role of phytohormones in fungi physiology are reviewed. The taxa of the basidiomycetes, which are capable of synthesizing phytohormones of all known types, including Aphyllophorales, Boletales, Agaricales, Sclerodermales, Hymenogastrales, Uredinales, Ustilaginales are described. The data from different sources describing the effects of natural and synthetic growth stimulators on the development of basidiomycetes are summarized and compared. It is noted that various concentrations of phytohormones (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins) from 0.01 to 400 mg/ml were used in the experiments to study their effects on mycelial growth. Possible causes of conflicting results obtained by different authors, such as application of diverse methods of mushroom cultivation, different media and methods of substrate sterilization, are described.

An Overview of Mycorrhiza in Pines: Research, Species, and Applications

“…Trees generally form two main types of mycorrhizal associations: arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations with fungi from the subphylum Glomeromycota and ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations with fungi belonging mainly to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota [ 14 ]. An increasing number of studies have focused on the mycorrhizal network in different countries around the world [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], including Poland [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] and Ukraine [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Pachlewski’s team in Poland carried out the most important mycorrhiza identifications [ 25 ], contributing to the physiology of mycorrhiza, the isolation of mycorrhizal fungi and their influence on the vitality of trees, and the artificial mycorrhization of forest tree seedlings under laboratory conditions.…”