Effect of Neonatal Diethylstilbestrol Exposure on Volume of the Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus of the Preoptic Area of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Responsiveness to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Female Rats of Known Anogenital Distance at Birth1

Faber, Kenneth A.; Ayyash, L; Dixon, Sherry; Hughes, Claude L.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod48.5.947

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the underlying mechanism (or mechanisms) for such a finding is as yet unknown, AGD has been positively associated with the number of recruited ovarian follicles in women ( Mendiola et al 2012 ). In rat litters, female siblings with longer AGDs had greater pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone than their sisters with shorter AGDs ( Faber et al 1993 ). The results from those studies suggest that changes associated with altered AGD in females brought about by in utero exposure to

may result in reduced fertility in the female offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter during Specific Gestational Periods Produces Adverse Obstetric Consequences in Mice

Blum

Chen

Zelikoff

2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Epidemiological studies associate inhalation of fine-sized particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) but disagree over which time frames are most sensitive, or if effects are cumulative.Objectives:Our objective was to provide experimental plausibility for epidemiological observations by testing the hypothesis that exposure to PM2.5 during discrete periods of pregnancy results in PTB and LBW.Methods:For the first study, timed-pregnant B6C3normalF1 mice were exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAPs) or filtered air (FA) throughout pregnancy [6 h/d from gestational day (GD) 0.5 through GD16.5]. A follow-up study examined the effects of CAPs exposure during discrete gestational periods (1: GD0.5–5.5; 2: GD6.5–14.5; 3: GD14.5–16.5; 4: GD0.5–16.5) aligning to milestones during human development.Results:In the first experiment, exposure to 160 μg CAPs/m3 throughout pregnancy decreased gestational term by 0.5 d (∼1.1 wk decrease for humans) and birth weight by 11.4% compared with FA. The follow-up experiment investigated timing of CAPs exposure (mean concentrations at 178, 193, 171, and 173 μg/m3 for periods 1–4, respectively). Pregnancy was significantly shortened (vs. FA) by ∼0.4d when exposure occurred during gestational periods 2 and 4, and by ∼0.5d if exposure occurred during period 3. Exposure during periods 1, 2, and 4 reduced birth weight by ∼10% compared with FA, and placental weight was reduced (∼8%) on GD17.5 if exposure occurred only during period 3.Conclusions:Adverse PM2.5-induced outcomes such as PTB and LBW are dependent upon the periods of maternal exposure. The results of these experimental studies could contribute significantly to air pollution policy decisions in the future. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1029

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may result in reduced fertility in the female offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter during Specific Gestational Periods Produces Adverse Obstetric Consequences in Mice

Blum

Chen

Zelikoff

2017

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In utero and postnatal exposures increased the size of SDN-POA in females thereby defeminizing the region [245]. It was also found that PND1-10 treatment led to a significant reduction in the levels of LH secreted although a similar effect was not found when the exposure was prenatal (E16-20), highlighting the importance of DES actions on the neuroendocrine circuits [246]. …”

Section: Edcs and Their Effects On The Female Reproductive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on female reproduction: An ovarian perspective

Zama

Uzumcu

2010

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

143

103

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The link between in utero and neonatal exposure to environmental toxicants, such as endocrinedisrupting chemicals (EDCs) and adult female reproductive disorders is well established in both epidemiological and animal studies. Recent studies examining the epigenetic mechanisms involved in mediating the effects of EDCs on female reproduction are gathering momentum. In this review, we describe the developmental processes that are susceptible to EDC exposures in female reproductive system, with a special emphasis on the ovary. We discuss studies with select EDCs that have been shown to have physiological and correlated epigenetic effects in the ovary, neuroendocrine system, and uterus. Importantly, EDCs that can directly target the ovary can alter epigenetic mechanisms in the oocyte, leading to transgenerational epigenetic effects. The potential mechanisms involved in such effects are also discussed.

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“…The development of many neural sex differences, including those of the MPN, depends on the aromatization of testosterone to oestradiol within the brain. Perinatal treatment of females with the synthetic oestrogen, diethylstilbestrol, masculinizes brain and behaviour (8–10), while similar treatment of males with aromatase inhibitors demasculinizes brain and behaviour (11–14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Sex Differences in Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Medial Preoptic Nucleus of Postnatal Rats

Quadros

Goldstein

Vries

et al. 2002

J Neuroendocrinology

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The medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) of the rat, an excellent model for understanding the mechanisms involved in sexual differentiation, is highly sensitive to gonadal hormones during both pre- and post-natal life. Progesterone receptor (PR) expression is sexually dimorphic in the prenatal MPN. Males have significantly higher levels of PR-immunoreactivity (PRir) than females from approximately embryonic day 19 through at least the day of birth, suggesting that PR may play a role in sexual differentiation. Because the MPN is still sensitive to steroid hormones postnatally, the present study investigated PR expression in the MPN of males and females after birth using immunocytochemistry. Results indicate that a sex difference in PR expression persists until at least postnatal day (P) 28. However, females begin to express PR around P10. Because oestradiol regulates PR expression in the adult brain, this study also examined the influence of gonadal hormones on PR expression in the neonatal male and female MPN. Castration on the day of birth significantly reduced levels of PRir in the MPN by 24 h following surgery. Ovariectomy on P4, before the onset of ovarian steroidogenesis, prevented the induction of PR expression in the female MPN, observed in controls by P13. In both sexes, the presence of PRir in the MPN is dependent on gonadal hormone exposure. These findings suggest that differences in steroid secretion by the neonatal male and female gonads are responsible for producing sex differences in the level of PR expression in the postnatal MPN.

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Effect of Neonatal Diethylstilbestrol Exposure on Volume of the Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus of the Preoptic Area of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Responsiveness to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Female Rats of Known Anogenital Distance at Birth1

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter during Specific Gestational Periods Produces Adverse Obstetric Consequences in Mice

Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter during Specific Gestational Periods Produces Adverse Obstetric Consequences in Mice

Epigenetic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on female reproduction: An ovarian perspective

Regulation of Sex Differences in Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Medial Preoptic Nucleus of Postnatal Rats

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