Effect of New Solar-Drying Designs for Chamomile Essential Oil Yield and Its Chemical Constituents in Egypt

Abutaleb, Mohamed; Ragab, Tamer I.M.; Abd-El-Daim, Y. A.; Mohamed, Alaa

doi:10.21608/ajs.2021.27690.1333

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Despite several studies on the drying of fresh chamomile flowers and extraction of dried chamomile flowers ( Abbas et al, 2021 ; Abutaleb et al, 2021 ; Motevali et al, 2016 ; Molnar et al, 2017 ; Žlabur et al, 2020 ), the development of dried chamomile extract for subsequent therapeutic application has not been reported. Drying of liquid extract is a crucial step as it limits enzymatic degradation and microbial growth while preserving the bioactive properties of the extract ( Yuan et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of drying methods on yield, physicochemical properties, and total polyphenol content of chamomile extract powder

2022

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Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat hay fever, inflammation, muscle spasms, menstrual disorders, insomnia ulcers, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatic pain, and hemorrhoids. Dried chamomile flowers have a longer shelf life and the dried extract in form of powder offers much flexibility for new therapeutic formulations as it could be used as a replacement for liquid extract and serve as a shelf-stable ingredient in new applications. This study aims to determine the effect of drying methods, i.e., convection oven-drying at 45 °C, freeze-drying at −50°C, and spray-drying at 140°C at 10.5 and 12 ml/min, respectively) on powder yield, physicochemical properties (moisture content, water activity, and color attributes), and total polyphenol content of chamomile extract powder. Our findings showed that spray-drying conducted at 140°C, 12 ml/min resulted in the lowest yield of powder (16.67%) compared to convection oven-drying (90.17%) and freeze-drying (83.24%). Decreasing the feed flow rate to 10.5 ml/min during spraying caused an increase in powder yield to 26.99%. The moisture content of spray-dried chamomile extract powder obtained at 140°C, 10.5 ml/min was higher (11.00%) compared to that of convection oven-dried (8.50%) and freeze-dried (7.50%). Both convection oven-dried and freeze-dried chamomile extract powder displayed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in moisture content. The higher feed flow rate (12 ml/min) in spray-drying also led to an increase in the moisture content of chamomile extract powder to 12.00%. The higher residual moisture found in the spray-dried samples resulted in partial agglomeration of particles. In terms of water activity, freeze-dried chamomile extract powder was found to have the highest water activity (0.63) compared to that of convection oven-dried (0.52), spray-dried at 140°C, 10.5 ml/min (0.57), and spray-dried at 140°C, 12 ml/min (0.58). Spray-dried and freeze-dried chamomile extract powder with high moisture content and water activity could be highly susceptible to microbial growth. In terms of color attributes, higher drying temperature in spray-drying led to darker, redder, and more yellowish chamomile extract powder that could be caused by heat-induced Maillard reaction and caramelization. Since lower drying temperature was used in both convection oven-drying and freeze-drying, both convection oven-dried (56.94 mg GAE/g powder) and freeze-dried chamomile extract powder (55.98 mg GAE/g powder) were found to have higher total polyphenol content compared to those of spray-dried (42.79–46.79 mg GAE/g powder). The present findings allow us to understand the effect of drying methods on the properties of chamomile extract powder and provide a better drying option to dry chamomile extract. Due to higher powder yield with ideal powder properties such as low moisture content and water activity, desirable color, and high total polyphenol content obtained from convection oven-drying, convection oven-drying was a better option than freeze-drying and spray-drying for drying chamomile extract.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of drying methods on yield, physicochemical properties, and total polyphenol content of chamomile extract powder

2022

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“…The most widely used method for drying aromatic and medicinal herbs is shade or sun drying, but in this case, it is difficult to control factors such as temperature and humidity, and the possibility of contamination of the dried material is greater [18]. There are scientific papers in the literature dealing with the methods of drying chamomile flowers and dry extracts, and they continue to be researched to reliably investigate the efficacy of the different drying and extraction methods since the bioactive compounds contained in chamomile flowers are often sensitive and present in low concentrations [19][20][21]. Borsato et al [22] found that chamomile flowers dried at 95 • C changed from an attractive yellow to an unattractive brown caramel color.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Drying Methods on Chemical Profile of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flowers

Benković-Lačić,

Orehovec,

Mirosavljević

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is used in the food industry, stomatology, pharmacy, and medicine due to the beneficial properties of chamomile flowers, which are due to the content of terpenoids, but also flavonoids and phenolic acids. This study aims to determine and compare the effects of the drying method on the metabolic profile of chamomile flowers from sustainable, organic practice. The flowers were dried using four different methods: in the sun at a temperature of around 30 °C for 4 days, in the shade at an average temperature of 20–25 °C for 7 days, in a dryer at a temperature of 105 °C for 24 h, and in a climate chamber at a temperature of 60 °C for 48 h. The drying method affects the color, aroma, dry biomass, and chemical profile of chamomile flowers. The biggest color change was between fresh chamomile flowers and chamomile flowers dried in a climate chamber at 105 °C for 24 h, and the smallest change was observed in flowers dried in the sun. The highest contents of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were measured in flower samples dried in the sun. Drying the flowers at 105 °C caused a significant decrease in total phenols and total flavonoids compared to the drying methods in the sun and shade. Drying at 60 °C for two days had the most significant negative effect on polyphenolic compounds. GC-MS analysis of chamomile essential oil revealed a total of 49 compounds. The most abundant compounds in all samples were α-bisabolol oxide A (19.6 to 24.3%), bisabolol oxide B (19.3 to 23.2%), and β-farnesene E (15.9 to 25.5%). β-Farnesene was identified in significantly lower amounts in sun-dried flowers compared to others, indicating its sensitivity to high light intensity. Volatile compounds spiroether Z, spiroether E, and matricarin were significantly reduced in samples dried at a temperature of 105 °C compared to others, which agrees with the aroma of dried flowers. Discrimination between samples based on chemical profiles showed similarity between samples dried in the sun and in the shade compared to samples dried at higher temperatures.

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“…Os benefícios encontrados no chá ou infusão de camomila estão relacionados também à presença de flavonóides, como apigenina, luteolina, quercetina e seus derivados. Dentre as propriedades farmacológicas do óleo essencial de camomila destacam-se: espasmolítica, antimicrobiana e desinfetante (ABUTALEB et al, 2021;UBESSI et al, 2021).…”

Section: Metabólitos Secundáriosunclassified

Irrigação e fertilização orgânica da camomila cultivada em ambiente protegido

Viana¹

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A camomila é uma das plantas de uso mais antigo pela medicina tradicional europeia. Atualmente está incluída em Farmacopeias de diversos países. No Brasil, foi introduzida por imigrantes há mais de cem anos, desde então, foram comprovados inúmeros benefícios à saúde proporcionados pelos seus compostos bioativos, todavia, o estabelecimento das técnicas de cultivo em ambiente protegido ainda não está bem definido. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de lâminas de irrigação da adubação orgânica sobre características de produção em plantas de camomila cultivadas em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais - EPAMIG, em Viçosa – MG, o delineamento experimento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com esquema fatorial de 4 x 3 tratamentos e cinco repetições, com quatro tratamentos de lâminas de irrigação baseadas na evapotranspiração de referência (L25 - 25%, L50 - 50%, L75 - 75% e L100 - 100%), e 3 tratamentos de adubação orgânica com esterco curtido de aves: (D1 - 0 g vaso -1 , D2 - 0,125 g vaso -1 e D3 - 0,207 g vaso -1 ). Foram utilizados 60 vasos de polietileno com dimensões de 22,5 cm de altura, 19 cm de diâmetro. Os vasos foram preenchidos com 8 kg de solo seco, 1 kg de brita, 1kg de areia e 6 kg de solo com as respectivas doses de esterco curtido de aves, em cada vaso havia uma planta, representando unidade experimental. As lâminas de irrigação foram estimadas com base na Evapotranspiração de referência (ETO), calculada por meio da equação de Hargreaves (1985), o sistema de irrigação utilizado foi o gotejamento, sendo um emissor autocompensante por vaso. As variáveis avaliadas foram: alturas de plantas, índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI), massa fresca e seca da parte área e raízes, produção de capítulos florais, teor, rendimento e constituintes químicos do óleo essencial. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o teste Tukey ao nível de probabilidade até 10%. A lâmina de irrigação de 50% ETO associada à adubação de 0,207 g vaso -1 possibilitou o maior crescimento da camomila. Para o índice de NDVI indica-se à aplicação da lâmina de irrigação de 25% ETO associada à adubação de 0,207 g vaso -1 . A maior produção de capítulos florais e teor de óleo essencial foi obtida na lâmina de irrigação de 100% ETO, sem adubação. A lâmina de irrigação de 25% ETO associada à adubação de 0,125 g vaso -1 proporcionou o maior rendimento de óleo essencial. Para maior obtenção do constituinte majoritário camazuleno, indica-se a aplicação da lâmina de irrigação de 25% ETO associada à adubação de 0,207 g vaso -1 . Palavras-chave: Adubação orgânica. Lâminas de irrigação. Chamomilla recutita.

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Effect of New Solar-Drying Designs for Chamomile Essential Oil Yield and Its Chemical Constituents in Egypt

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of drying methods on yield, physicochemical properties, and total polyphenol content of chamomile extract powder

Effect of drying methods on yield, physicochemical properties, and total polyphenol content of chamomile extract powder

Effect of Drying Methods on Chemical Profile of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flowers

Irrigação e fertilização orgânica da camomila cultivada em ambiente protegido

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