Effect of Ni–Mo Carbide Catalyst Formation on Furfural Hydrogenation

Abstract

High-loading Ni–Mo carbide catalysts were prepared by the modified gel-combustion method under various thermal treatment conditions. All samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which showed that the catalysts could contain cubic and hexagonal molybdenum carbides, nickel, nickel oxide and Ni–Mo solid solutions, depending on the thermal treatment conditions. Study of catalyst activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of furfural was carried out in a batch reactor at 150 °C and hydrogen pressure 6.0 MPa. Analysis of the reaction products showed that the highest yields of 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and furfuryl alcohol (FA) were achieved using catalysts synthesized by calcination of the nickel-molybdenum-carbon precursor at 400 °С with the following reduction in a stream of hydrogen at 600 °C. The best results for production of FA with a yield of 80 mol % and 2-MF with a yield of 29 mol % were observed using Ni6MoC–SiO2 (400/600) and Ni1MoC–SiO2 (400/600) catalysts, respectively. It has been shown that the addition of nickel to the carbide molybdenum catalyst significantly increases the activity of the catalytic systems. In addition, nickel also contributes to the formation of products formed by hydrogenation of the aromatic ring tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF).

Highly Active CuFeAl-containing Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol

“…Deviations from 100% were caused by the formation of a by-product-furfuryl hydroxyl-isopropyl ether (FHIE) formed during the interaction of furfural with isopropyl alcohol (solvent). The formation of this product was observed in our previous works [18,29,31,32]. Figure 3 shows the dependence of the yield of FA on the conversion of furfural.…”

Nickel carbide (Ni3C) nanoparticles for catalytic hydrogenation of model compounds in solvent

“…Only one work, led by Assamburungrat et al, mentions the use of nickel carbide (NiC) for the hydroprocessing of coffee oil under harsh conditions (400 °C, 20-40 bar H 2 ), with an interestingly higher catalytic activity observed for NiC than for NiS and NiP. 19 The other works with nickel and carbides concern the use of bimetallic ones, such as Ni-Mo-C and Ni-W-C, for hydrogenation of various substrates including nitroarenes, 20 m-cresol, 20 anisole, 21 ethyl caprate, 21 and furfural, 22,23 also under relatively strong reaction conditions (120-320 °C, 20-65 bar H 2 ). In this context, it seems relevant to investigate the most common nickel carbide phase, hcp-Ni 3 C, under the form of well-defined nanoparticles.…”

Two-dimensional MXenes as catalytic “flying carpets” to transport biomass valorization towards new horizons: The case of furfural catalytic transfer hydrogenation over noble-metal free niobium-based carbides

“…[19] The addition of nickel produced Ni-Mo carbide catalysts with high activity and enhanced formation of over-hydrogenated products, namely tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF). [20] Ni-W2C carbides are also known to be highly efficient bifunctional catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of hydroxymethylfurfural to dimethylfurfural. [21] The family of carbide materials has expanded including a new group of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, so-called MXenes, [22,23] with exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties that confer unique potential for several applications, including energy storage, electronics, adsorption, environmental remediation, biomedical, catalysis and electrocatalysis.…”