Effect of Nigella sativa and its bioactive compound on type 2 epithelial to mesenchymal transition: a systematic review

Abstract

BackgroundNigella sativa or commonly known as black seed or black cumin is one of the most ubiquitous complementary medicine. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of type 2 is defined by the balance between wound healing and tissue fibrosis, which is dependent to the state of inflammation. This systematic review is conducted to provide an overview regarding the reported effect of Nigella sativa and its bioactive compound on the type 2 EMT.MethodsA search was done in EBSCOHOST, OVID and SCOPUS database to obtain potentially relevant articles that were published between 1823 and August 2019. This review includes studies that focus on the effect of Nigella sativa and its bioactive compound on the events related to type 2 EMT.ResultsA total of 1393 research articles were found to be potentially related to the effect of Nigella sativa and its bioactive compound, thymoquinone on Type 2 EMT. After screening was done, 22 research articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Majority of the studies, reported better wound healing rate or significant prevention of tissue inflammation and organ fibrosis following Nigella sativa or thymoquinone treatments. In terms of wound healing, studies included reported progression of EMT related pathological changes after treatment with Nigella sativa or thymoquinone. Alternatively, in terms of fibrosis and inflammation, studies included reported reversal of pathological changes related to EMT after treatment with Nigella sativa or thymoquinone.ConclusionThrough this review, Nigella sativa and thymoquinone have been associated with events in Type 2 EMT. They have been shown to promote wound healing, attenuate tissue inflammation, and prevent organ fibrosis via regulation of the EMT process.

Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health

“…The essential oil of N. sativa seed is extracted using solvent extraction method and SFE (supercritical fluid extraction), and the chemical composition of essential oil is analyzed using GC-MS. Main compound reported were carvacrol (5.8-11.6%), longifolene (1.0-8.0%), ρ-cymene (7.1-15.5%), t-anethole (0.25-2.3%), 4-terpineol (2-6.6%) and thymoquinone (27.8-57.0%) [94]. Thymoquinone (C 10 H 12 O 2 ) is recognized as the most important bioactive compound found in N. sativa oil with medicinal properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticarcinogenic and antihypertensive [96]. A recent study reported that thymoquinone could play an important role in the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases.…”

“…Result showed reduction in GI, PI and PPD levels [95] Essential oil having anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [96]…”

Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: A Natural Blessing for Periodontal Therapy

“…Additional functional constituents of the NS oil include carvacrol, p -cymene, dihydrothymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, thymol, t -anethole, α -thujene, α -pinene, β -pinene and γ -terpinene. TQ exclusively displays the main medicinal effects of NS, such as strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, histamine release inhibitory, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive, immune-activating, hepatoprotective effects and anti-diabetic properties [ 49 ].…”

Nigella sativa and Its Active Compound, Thymoquinone, Accelerate Wound Healing in an In Vivo Animal Model: A Comprehensive Review

“…Relevant studies reporting topical effect of NS on skin wound were systematically obtained via an extensive search on the biomedical science-related databases, namely Medline via EBSCOhost (published between 1970 to March 2020) and Scopus (published between 1970 to March 2020). The search strategy was adapted from a previous publication by Nordin et al with slight modification [39]. The search approach included a combination of the following two sets of keywords (1) Nigella sativa OR black seed OR black seed oil OR thymoquinone AND (2) skin OR wound healing.…”