Effect of Nitrate Concentration on the Growth, Bolting and Related Gene Expression in Flowering Chinese Cabbage

Wang, Yudan; Chen, Lili; Su, Wei; Hao, Yanwei; Liu, Houcheng; Sun, Guangwen; Chen, Riyuan; Song, Shiwei

doi:10.3390/agronomy11050936

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Functionally, NH 4 + and NO 3 − are involved in regulating plant physiology, growth and development processes, including plant biomass, root and shoot length, seed germination, growth of roots and leaves, the structure of roots, flowering time, senescence and the yields of plants [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. In plants, lower NO 3 − concentrations and higher NH 4 + concentrations promote early flowering while higher NO 3 − concentrations and lower NH 4 + concentrations delay flowering time [ 11 , 12 ]. Therefore, appropriate N management practices, such as N application methods and application rates to the plants in agroecosystems are considered an important component of achieving the best results and minimizing environmental risks [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Metabolic Responses of Lettuce Grown in Soil, Substrate and Hydroponic Cultivation Systems under NH4+/NO3− Application

et al. 2022

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Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant growth and development. The application of a balanced and optimal amount of N is required for sustainable plant yield. For this, different N sources and forms are used, that including ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−). These are the main sources for N uptake by plants where NH4+/NO3− ratios have a significant effect on the biomass, quality and metabolites composition of lettuce grown in soil, substrate and hydroponic cultivation systems. A limited supply of N resulted in the reduction in the biomass, quality and overall yield of lettuce. Additionally, different types of metabolites were produced with varying concentrations of N sources and can be used as metabolic markers to improve the N use efficiency. To investigate the differential metabolic activity, we planted lettuce with different NH4+/NO3− ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100%) and a control (no additional N applied) in soil, substrate and hydroponic cultivation systems. The results revealed that the 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio increased the relative chlorophyll contents as well as the biomass of lettuce in all cultivation systems. However, lettuce grown in the hydroponic cultivation system showed the best results. The concentration of essential amino acids including alanine, valine, leucine, lysine, proline and serine increased in soil and hydroponically grown lettuce treated with the 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio. The taste and quality-related compounds in lettuce showed maximum relative abundance with the 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio, except ascorbate (grown in soil) and lactupicrin (grown in substrate), which showed maximum relative abundance in the 50% NH4+/50% NO3− ratio and control treatments, respectively. Moreover, 1-O-caffeoylglucose, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aesculetin and quercetin-3-galactoside were increased by the application of the 100% NH4+/0% NO3− ratio in soil-grown lettuce. The 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio was more suitable in the hydroponic cultivation system to obtain increased lettuce biomass. The metabolic profiling of lettuce showed different behaviors when applying different NH4+/NO3− ratios. Therefore, the majority of the parameters were largely influenced by the 25% NH4+/75% NO3− ratio, which resulted in the hyper-accumulation of health-promoting compounds in lettuce. In conclusion, the optimal N applications improve the quality of lettuce grown in soil, substrate and hydroponic cultivation systems which ultimately boost the nutritional value of lettuce.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Metabolic Responses of Lettuce Grown in Soil, Substrate and Hydroponic Cultivation Systems under NH4+/NO3− Application

et al. 2022

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“…Chinese cabbage, grown for its leafy head, shows distinct growth and development characteristics from those of flowering Chinese cabbage. The product organs/tissues of flowering Chinese cabbage are its leaves and stalks, the development of which is influenced by various factors, including temperature, hormones, and N ( Song et al., 2019 ; Kou et al., 2021 ; Wang et al., 2021 ; Zhu et al., 2021 ). Flowering Chinese cabbage requires substantial N fertilization and its product organs readily accumulate

during production ( Song et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification of BcGRF genes in flowering Chinese cabbage and preliminary functional analysis of BcGRF8 in nitrogen metabolism

Zhang

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are a unique family of transcription factors with well-characterized functions in plant growth and development. However, few studies have evaluated their roles in the absorption and assimilation of nitrate. In this study, we characterized the GRF family genes of flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris), an important vegetable crop in South China. Using bioinformatics methods, we identified BcGRF genes and analyzed their evolutionary relationships, conserved motifs, and sequence characteristics. Through genome-wide analysis, we identified 17 BcGRF genes distributed on seven chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the BcGRF genes could be categorized into five subfamilies. RT-qPCR analysis showed that BcGRF1, 8, 10, and 17 expression clearly increased in response to nitrogen (N) deficiency, particularly at 8 h after treatment. BcGRF8 expression was the most sensitive to N deficiency and was significantly correlated with the expression patterns of most key genes related to N metabolism. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we discovered that BcGRF8 strongly enhances the driving activity of the BcNRT1.1 gene promoter. Next, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which BcGRF8 participates in nitrate assimilation and N signaling pathways by expressing it in Arabidopsis. BcGRF8 was localized in the cell nucleus and BcGRF8 overexpression significantly increased the shoot and root fresh weights, seedling root length, and lateral root number in Arabidopsis. In addition, BcGRF8 overexpression considerably reduced the nitrate contents under both nitrate-poor and -rich conditions in Arabidopsis. Finally, we found that BcGRF8 broadly regulates genes related to N uptake, utilization, and signaling. Our results demonstrate that BcGRF8 substantially accelerates plant growth and nitrate assimilation under both nitrate-poor and -rich conditions by increasing the number of lateral roots and the expression of genes involved in N uptake and assimilation, providing a basis for crop improvement.

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“…The bolting phenomenon may occur in these plants in response to low temperatures. The commercial availability of Chinese cabbage, a vegetable cultivated for leaf consumption, is particularly adversely affected by the change from the vegetative to the reproductive growth stage [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Editing of AGAMOUS-like Genes Results in a Late-Bolting Phenotype in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)

Shin

Lee

Park

2022

IJMS

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Due to the sudden change in temperature in spring, Chinese cabbage, a leafy vegetable cultivated for consumption, loses its commercial value due to the onset of bolting—the phenomenon of switching from vegetative to reproductive growth. In this study, we applied clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/(CRISPR)-associated system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology to analyze AGAMOUS-like genes. We performed functional analysis of AGL19 and AGL24 genes related to bolting and flowering using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Chinese cabbage transformation. Single-guide RNA (sgRNA) sequences were created with a low off-targeting probability to construct gene-editing vectors. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was conducted, and tentative E0 AGL-edited lines were analyzed using molecular biotechnological methods. Two AGL19-edited lines with nucleotide sequence mutations in the target sequence of the AGL19 genes and four AGL24-edited lines with nucleotide sequence mutations in the target sequence of the AGL24 genes showed particularly late bolting compared to the inbred line ‘CT001.’ Generational progression using bud pollination obtained T-DNA-free E1 AGL-edited lines, which also showed late bolting. The loss of function of the AGL protein was caused by the occurrence of an indel mutation in the AGL19 and AGL24 genes, which results in an early stop codon. Furthermore, frameshift mutations led to structural changes and the introduction of an early stop codon in the AGL19 and AGL24 proteins. Our results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of AGAMOUS-like genes results in a late-bolting phenotype and that CRISPR/Cas9 is a useful technology for analyzing gene function in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).

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Effect of Nitrate Concentration on the Growth, Bolting and Related Gene Expression in Flowering Chinese Cabbage

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Differential Metabolic Responses of Lettuce Grown in Soil, Substrate and Hydroponic Cultivation Systems under NH4+/NO3− Application

Differential Metabolic Responses of Lettuce Grown in Soil, Substrate and Hydroponic Cultivation Systems under NH4+/NO3− Application

Genome-wide identification of BcGRF genes in flowering Chinese cabbage and preliminary functional analysis of BcGRF8 in nitrogen metabolism

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Editing of AGAMOUS-like Genes Results in a Late-Bolting Phenotype in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)

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