Effect of nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle motor unit activity during isometric blood flow restriction exercise

Esen, Ozcan; Faisal, A. Aldo; Zambolin, Fabio; Bailey, Stephen J.; Callaghan, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04946-y

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Wylie et al [ 9 ] have previously attributed enhanced performance in the Yo–Yo IR1 test to attenuated muscle excitability due to a net loss of potassium. Further, it has been reported that NO 3 − supplementation attenuated the increase in motor unit action potential (MUP) duration [ 42 ]. Shorter MUP duration may result in a faster muscle fiber conduction velocity and greater sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release and thus maintained force production in the face of fatigue development [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults

2022

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Nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has been reported to enhance intermittent exercise performance; however, its impact on oxygen (O2) cost during intermittent running exercise is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess if acute NO3− supplementation would elicit performance benefits in recreationally active individuals during the Yo–Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test, with its potential benefit on O2 consumption (VO2), in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 12 recreational males consumed NO3−-rich (NIT; ~12.8 mmol), and NO3−-depleted (PLA; 0.04 mmol) concentrated beetroot juice 3 h before completing the Yo-Yo IR1 test. VO2 was measured at 160, 280 and 440 m (sub-maximal) and when the test was terminated (peak). Performance in the Yo–Yo IR1 was greater with NIT (990 ± 442.25 m) compared to PLA (870 ± 357.4 m, p = 0.007). The VO2 was not significantly different at 160 m (1.92 ± 0.99 vs. 2.1 ± 0.88 L·min−1), 280 m (2.62 ± 0.94 vs. 2.83 ± 0.94 L·min−1), 440 m (3.26 ± 1.04 vs. 3.46 ± 0.98 L·min−1) and peak (4.71 ± 1.01 vs. 4.92 ± 1.17 L·min−1) between NIT and PLA trials (all p > 0.05). The present study has indicated that acute supplementation of NO3− enhanced intermittent running performance but had no effect on VO2 during the Yo–Yo IR1 test in recreational young adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…potential (MUP) duration [42]. Shorter MUP duration may result in a faster muscle fiber conduction velocity and greater sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release and thus maintained force production in the face of fatigue development [43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults

2022

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“…Then, maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the knee extensors were performed by using a custom-built dynamometer [32] to determine individual 25% MVC for submaximal exercise protocol. The exercise protocol has been described elsewhere in detailed [33]. Briefly, a 20 s contraction at 25% MVC was performed firstly; then, a blood flow occlusion (BFO) period was applied at the proximal thigh (with 220 mmHg) for 8 min, with a sustained submaximal contraction at 25% MVC in the final 3 min of the BFO period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Dose Nitrate Supplementation Attenuates the Increased Blood Pressure Responses to Isometric Blood Flow Restriction Exercise in Healthy Males

et al. 2022

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The effect of nitrate (NO3−) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) responses during large muscle mass isometric and ischaemic exercise in healthy young adults is unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 5-day supplementation of NO3− on BP responses during a short isometric contraction and a sustained ischaemic contraction. In a randomised, double-blinded, crossover design, 14 healthy active young adults underwent BP measurements after 5 days of either NO3− (NIT) or placebo (PLA) supplementation. Beat-by-beat BP was measured at pre- and post-exercise rest, and during a short (20 s) isometric contraction at 25% maximal strength and throughout a sustained ischaemic contraction. Plasma nitrite (NO2−) concentration increased significantly after NO3− supplementation compared to placebo (475 ± 93 nmol·L−1 vs. 198 ± 46 nmol·L−1, p < 0.001, d = 3.37). Systolic BP was significantly lower at pre- (p = 0.051) and post-exercise rest (p = 0.006), during a short isometric contraction (p = 0.030), and throughout a sustained ischaemic contraction (p = 0.040) after NO3− supplementation. Mean arterial pressure was significantly lower at pre- (p = 0.004) and post-exercise rest (p = 0.043), during a short isometric contraction (p = 0.041), and throughout a sustained ischaemic contraction (p = 0.021) after NO3− supplementation. Diastolic BP was lower at pre-exercise rest (p = 0.032), but not at post-exercise rest, during a short isometric contraction, and during a sustained ischaemic contraction (all p > 0.05). Five days of NO3− supplementation elevated plasma NO2− concentration and reduced BP during a short isometric contraction and a sustained ischaemic contraction in healthy adults. These observations indicate that multiple-day nitrate supplementation can decrease BP at rest and attenuate the increased BP response during isometric exercise. These findings support that NO3− supplementation is an effective nutritional intervention in reducing SBP and MAP in healthy young males during submaximal exercise.

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“…As such, the reduction of CMC during the initial phase of contraction is unlikely to be explained solely by the presence of elevated experimental pain. It is therefore possible that CMC was primarily modulated by altered activation (via cuff compression) and sensitivity (via metabolite accumulation) of mechanoreceptors (Zambolin et al, 2022(Zambolin et al, , 2023 which would have impaired the feedback/feed-forward mechanism required to finely regulate muscle tension and motor unit recruitment in a manner that supports isometric force precision during the early phase of contraction. Additionally, Ushiyama et al (2011) found that CMC was actually enhanced during isometric contractions of the tibialis anterior when preceded by a fatiguing task, despite increased EMG activity, increased RPE, and poorer force steadiness.…”

Section: Occlusion Of the Exercising Leg (Ips-occ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also did not measure exhaustive exercise or implement neuromuscular assessments to discern between central and/or peripheral fatigue (Gandevia, 2001). Implementing measures for detecting changes in motor unit recruitment and firing rate (i.e., via intramuscular or high‐density EMG) could be useful strategies to address this short‐coming and overcome the limitations of bipolar surface EMG (Esen et al., 2022; Vieira & Botter, 2021). It should also be highlighted that we observed no significant changes in cortical beta activity between our experimental conditions.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The corticomuscular response to experimental pain via blood flow occlusion when applied to the ipsilateral and contralateral leg during an isometric force task

Zambolin,

Duro Ocana,

Goulding

et al. 2023

Psychophysiology

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Blood flow occlusion (BFO) has been previously used to investigate physiological responses to muscle ischemia, showing increased perceptual effort (RPE) and pain along with impaired neuromuscular performance. However, at present, it is unclear how BFO alters corticomuscular activities when either applied to the exercising or nonexercising musculature. The present study therefore set out to assess the corticomuscular response to these distinct BFO paradigms during an isometric contraction precision task. In a repeated measures design, fifteen participants (age = 27.00 ± 5.77) completed 15 isometric contractions across three experimental conditions; no occlusion (CNTRL), occlusion of the contralateral (i.e., nonexercising) limb (CON‐OCC), and occlusion of the ipsilateral (i.e., exercising) limb (IPS‐OCC). Measures of force, electroencephalographic (EEG), and electromyographic (EMG) were recorded during contractions. We observed that IPS‐OCC broadly impaired force steadiness, elevated EMG of the vastus lateralis, and heightened RPE and pain. IPSI‐OCC also significantly decreased corticomuscular coherence during the early phase of contraction and decreased EEG alpha activity across the sensorimotor and temporoparietal regions during the middle and late phases of contraction compared with CNTRL. By contrast, CON‐OCC increased perceived levels of pain (but not RPE) and decreased EEG alpha activity across the prefrontal cortex during the middle and late phases of contraction, with no changes observed for EMG and force steadiness. Together, these findings highlight distinctive psychophysiological responses to experimental pain via BFO showing altered cortical activities (CON‐OCC) and altered cortical, corticomuscular, and neuromuscular activities (IPS‐OCC) when applied to the lower limbs during an isometric force precision task.

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Effect of nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle motor unit activity during isometric blood flow restriction exercise

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults

Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults

High-Dose Nitrate Supplementation Attenuates the Increased Blood Pressure Responses to Isometric Blood Flow Restriction Exercise in Healthy Males

The corticomuscular response to experimental pain via blood flow occlusion when applied to the ipsilateral and contralateral leg during an isometric force task

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