Two different types of titanium alloy, near a Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V and near b Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, were studied in this work. They were thermochemically treated in a pure nitrogen atmosphere in order to improve their surface properties. The nitriding was performed at two different temperatures, 950uC and 1050uC, and for three different periods of time, 1, 3 and 5 h. Nitrided layers were formed during the process with a thickness from 100 to 350 mm, depending on the processing temperature and time, for both alloys. Their microstructural characteristics and phase composition were studied using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. X-ray analyses indicated that new phases a-Ti(N), TiN and TiO 2 were formed during the process of nitriding. The lattice parameters a and c of the a phase and residual surface stress were obtained. The surface hardness was measured for all the samples. Microhardness profiles were obtained on cross-sections of the samples by applying a Knoop indenter. The surface hardness increases with increases in the temperature and duration of nitriding. The maximum values of the microhardness (HK0 . 05) varied between 550 and 820 for Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V. For Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, they varied between 520 and 870.