Effect of nitrogen and wheat residue on cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) yield and weed control

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues and nitrogen (N) management are the major problems in the southern part of Iran where irrigated wheat-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-wheat rotation is a common practice. A 2-year (2009-2011) field experiment was conducted as a split plot design with four replications at a cotton field (Darab), Fars Province, Iran, to determine the influence of different rates of wheat residue (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) incorporation and N rates (150, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha −1 ) on weed suppression, yield, and yield components of cotton. Results showed that a higher residue incorporation and a lower N rate improved weed suppression in both years. For treatments receiving 150 kg N ha −1 and 75% of wheat residues (2250 kg ha −1 ), weed biomass and density were significantly lower compared to treatments receiving 400 kg N ha −1 . The highest cotton lint yield (about 2400-2700 kg ha −1 ) was obtained by 300 kg N ha −1 in the absence of residue application, in both years. Incorporation of 25% of wheat residue (750 kg ha −1 ) and application of 300 kg N ha −1 are recommended to guarantee an optimum level of cotton lint yield and weed suppression in a wheat-cotton-wheat rotation in this region.

Mulch Application and Plant Spacing Influence on Growth Traits, Pests, Insects and Weeds in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties

“…The herbicides and allelopathic aqueous extracts are effective alone and in combination, one of the examples contains purple nut sedge where the extract of allelopathic sorghum (sorgaab) and a modest dosage of smetolachlor have been showed 62 -92 % control (Iqbal and Cheema 2008;Chohan et al, 2020). Kazemeini et al (2016) reported about the usage of crop residues that required for covering soil surface for controlling the problems of soil erosion and reduced the probability of weed growth, because of variation in temperature of soil or soil physical properties for weed seedlings. The largest and lowest reductions in weeds were reported when 75 and 25 % of wheat residues were added to the soil sample correspondingly.…”

“…Due to its many good properties for example comfort, strengths, retention of color and absorption, fiber of cotton is utilized in various products (Khan et al, 2020). Kazemeini et al (2016) described that cotton plants have an indeterminate growth habit, related to this complexity in growth habit of cotton is sensitive to adverse environmental condition and management practice for example mulching, plant spacing, insect and weed control, etc.…”

Application of a genetic algorithm for solving problems of optimization of placement and rotation of crops in cotton crops

“…Inequalities ( 2) -( 4) implement the condition under which each crop must be sent where it produces the maximum yield.Such a restriction is introduced for each type of crop, which can be conditionally divided into three groups: the first is cotton, the second is forage crops, the third is corn, wheat and barley. Inequalities (5), ( 6) and ( 7) make it possible to evaluate crops and crop rotations in terms of their labour intensity (5), production costs (7) and the possibility of obtaining gross output (6) on a crop rotation field [12].…”

“…At the second stage, the problem of predicting crop yields of crop rotation fields is solved, taking into account the alternation of cotton and its predecessors for the rotation period. The experience of scientists and the practice of mastering crop rotations in farms show that in the first years of cotton sowing after ploughing alfalfa in crop rotation fields, high yields are obtained, starting from the 3rd and 4th years of sowing, the productivity of the fields decreases, respectively, the yield of cotton also decreases [3][4][5]. This should be taken into account in the model as the main phenomenon that occurs during the alternation of crops in a crop rotation.…”

Straw Mulching and Plant Spacing Enhance Yield and Some Quality Traits of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties

“…These results in agreement with Mahmood et al (2020); Sarlach and Brar (2020) found that different varieties significantly affected number of bolls plant -1 . In addition, Kazemeini et al (2016) told that residues of wheat straw increased number of bolls plant to (24.93). Interaction of all factors on number of bolls/plant in both study sites…”