Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth and Seed Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is grown mainly in the tropics. It is typically grown by smallholders with nearly all of its production in developing countries. It is an important source of high-quality oil and protein. Inappropriate use of fertilizers and monocropping are among the major production constraints. The objective of this paper is therefore to review the effect of N fertilizers on sesame growth and productivity. Growth and yield of sesame are greatly influenced by the application of N fertilizer. In most of the sesame-producing countries, optimum seed yield of sesame was obtained from application of 46–100 kg·N/ha. Adequate nitrogen fertilization also improves uptakes of other nutrients, particularly P and K and some micronutrients. Preemergence application of mobile nitrogen (urea) is less efficient due to losses. Mobile form of N fertilizer became available within two days for the crop. Split N applications where the N fertilizer is applied at different growth stages of the crop increases productivity. Side-dress application is one of the easiest ways to maximize nitrogen use efficiency. N fertilizers should be placed 3–5 cm deeper than the seeds and 5–10 cm apart from the plant for side dress but not far than 20 cm. Under optimal environmental conditions, nitrogen fertilizer has no effect on phonological traits but on the growth parameters. In the potential areas, application of 46–100 kg·N/ha gives maximum yield and lowering the application of N to less than 46 kg·N/ha in marginal areas is economical.

Influence of Tithonia Diversifolia on Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield, Fertility and Infiltration Status of Two Clay Varied Soils

“…Soil is an overlooked, abused and misused natural resource [1] which is a vital input in Nigeria where agriculture is fundamental to livelihood development [2]. Tropical soils of the southwestern Nigeria are plagued with humaninduced soil degradation because of the expansion of agriculture into marginal areas, deforestation [3], the shortening or elimination of fallows, inappropriate farming practices [4] in other to meet human demands. Human population has tremendously increased over the years while agriculture has not been able to match up with this increase [5].…”

Optimizing N Fertilizer Use for Sesame Under Rain Fed and Irrigation Conditions

“…Zenawi and Mizan [13] reviewed that application of nitrogen fertilizer for sesame could differ based on growing environments (considering the edaphic and climate conditions) 46 up to 100 kg N ha -1 . Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer (N-AE) indicated that the 64 kg N ha -1 in comparison to 41 kg N ha -1 has about 0.5 and 1.7 kg additional amount of economic seed yield per a kg of N applied under rain fed and irrigation, respectively, and 75.5 kg N ha -1 has also scored 1.6 kg of seed yield per applied kg of N under irrigation ( Figure 5).…”

“…El-Sherif [8] concluded that application of 142 kg/ha N was economical under irrigation condition. In general, Zenawi and Mizan [13] reviewed that the optimum N fertilizer application for the potential areas varies from 50-100 kg N/ha based on the soil type and moisture availability status. However, 41 kg N/ha is the common practice in the study area (potential area of sesame) where the world experience is 50-100 kg N/ha.…”

Management of Nitrogenous Fertilization in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Growth and Production

“…The sesame cultivar BRS Seda began to bloom 30 days after emergence, if added to the four day speed of sowing emergence, the fertilization of the cover was provided exactly four days before the beginning of the flowering of the plants. At the moment, the plants begin to require a greater amount of N for pod formation and grain filling [25,26], which may explain the fact that the application, 50% in the foundation and 50% in the cover (P1) results in higher productivity, since the amount of N applied in cover in this installment was higher than of the others.…”

“…It was also observed higher nitrogen fertilization (P3) resulted in lower grains weight gain, even at higher N The sesame cultivar BRS Seda began to bloom 30 days after emergence, if added to the four day speed of sowing emergence, the fertilization of as provided exactly four days before the beginning of the flowering of the plants. At the moment, the plants begin to require a greater amount of N for pod formation and grain filling [25,26], which may explain the fact that the ndation and 50% in the cover (P1) results in higher productivity, since the amount of N applied in cover in this installment was higher than of the The productivity of grain achieved in this study in dry conditions is close to that obtained by Grilo and Azevedo [27] when evaluating the growth, development and productivity of "BRS Seda" sesame irrigated at Agrovila of Canudos, Ceará btained 1600 kg ha -1 . According to Beltrão et al [8], the yield of the "BRS Seda" sesame is 1000 kg ha -1 , with the potential to reach higher levels, provided that the irrigated crop system is adopted and the fertilizer handled correctly.…”