Effect of Nitrogen Source on Pac Choi (Brassica rapa L.) Chemistry and Interactions with the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.)

Abstract

<jats:p>Two greenhouse studies were conducted to examine effects of nitrogen source on primary and secondary metabolism of pac choi (<jats:italic>Brassica rapa</jats:italic> L. subsp. <jats:italic>chinensis</jats:italic> cv. Mei Qing Choi) and diamondback moth (<jats:italic>Plutella xylostella</jats:italic> L.) consumption, development, survival, and body weight. Applications of a liquid organic source of nitrogen (fish hydrolysate fertilizer) were compared with a conventional fertilizer to determine whether nitrogen source directly impacts pac choi chemistry (elemental composition and phenolics) and biomass and indirectly affects diamondback moth fitness parameters. There was no significant effect of fertility treatment on pac choi chemistry or biomass with the exception of percent leaf phosphorus, which was significantly higher in the conventional fertility treatment, and p-coumarin, which was significantly higher in the organic fertility treatment. Diamondback moth also affected plant chemistry. Both calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were significantly higher in plants infested with larvae compared with uninfested plants. Fertilizer affected diamondback moth fitness with percent survival and cohort development significantly reduced on pac choi associated with the organic fertilizer. However, pac choi receiving the organic treatment was similar in regard to primary nutrients and secondary compounds compared with plants that received a conventional fertilizer.</jats:p>

Simultaneous production of l-lactic acid with high optical activity and a soil amendment with food waste that demonstrates plant growth promoting activity

“…Similar results were also observed in Komatsuna amended with commercial compost under single and triple application rates of N:P:K (R15 and R16). This showed rapid response on plant growth towards compost fertilizer might not be instant as seen in many inorganic N-fertilizer studies (13,(17)(18).…”

“…Then the residual precipitate, described as anaerobically fermented MKR (AFM) compost, was tested for its plant growth promotion activity by incorporating it into planting medium as soil amendment material. Since screening test on the growth performance of Zea mays (monocotyledon, C4 plant) was previously performed, we further investigate plant growth promoting effect of strain KBKU21 on Brassica rapa (dicotyledon, C3 plant) based on the fact that it is widely used in evaluating growth performance respond under different fertilizer rates and fertilizer types (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Inducción de resistencia en frijol contra conchuela Epilachna varivestis con nutrición y homeopatía

“…La reducción de la duración larval también la observaron Boiteau et al (2008) en la larva de la catarinita de la papa (L. decemlineata), con la aplicación de altas dosis de abono orgánico respecto a la aplicación de fertilizantes minerales; pero el abono también puede incrementar la duración larval, como en la mariposita blanca de la col P. rapae crucivora (Hsu et al, 2009) y en la palomilla dorso de diamante (P. xylostella) (Johnson et al, 2012) En lo que respecta al daño diario del adulto en función de la fertilización, éste varió de 0.8cm 2 en composta 3t ha -1 (sin fertilización mineral ni agronosode) a 3.6cm 2 en fertilizante mineral 40-20-10 (sin composta ni agronosode) (Tabla 2), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tratamientos de composta a 1 y 3t ha -1 contra los de fertilización mineral media y baja y el tratamiento sin fertilizar. Estos datos muestran que cuando se usa composta se reduce el daño del adulto si se aplican dosis cercanas a 3t ha -1 , pudiendo ser mayor a 50% con la aplicación de 1.8 a 3.6t ha -1 , o menor al daño medio en las dosis que se alejan de éstas hacia 0 o 4.5t ha -1 , porque la relación entre aplicación de composta y el daño diario del adulto de conchuela se explica por una ecuación de tercer grado, de acuerdo al análisis de regresión (Figura 1).…”

“…La fertilización orgánica, a través de abonos, disminuye el daño de la tortuguilla rayada del pepino (Acalymma vittatum), de la diabrótica de once puntos (Diabrotica undecimpunctata), del gusano del cuerno (Manduca quinquemaculata) (Yardim et al, 2006); de la catarinita de la papa (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (Boiteau, Lynch y Martin, 2008), y del chapulín (Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus) (Dixit, Dixit y Samson 2009). Además, reduce la tasa de crecimiento de la mariposita blanca de la col (Pieris rapae crucivora) (Hsu, Shen y Hwang 2009), y el peso y la supervivencia de la palo-milla dorso de diamante (Plutella xylostella) (Johnson et al, 2012).…”

The health status and yield of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) grown in monoculture and in crop rotation under different agricultural production systems

“…Bloem et al (2007) reported that rapeseed plants fertilized with sulfur were highly resistant to pathogens. Higher rates of sulfur fertilizer (De Pascale et al 2007) and the use of liquid organic nitrogen instead of mineral fertilizer (Johnson et al 2012) led to higher accumulation of phenolic acids (sinapinic, gallic, p-coumaric acids) in Brassicaceae plants in response to biotic stress, including pathogen infections (Mert-Türk et al 2008;Johangir et al 2009). …”