Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Biochemical Processes that Could Affect Lesion Size of Rice Blast

Matsuyama, Nobuhiko

doi:10.1094/phyto-63-1202

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The phenolic content is often high in N‐deficient plants and decreases when the N supply is large (Kiraly, 1964). When plants are supplied with high amounts of N, the activity of some key enzymes of phenol metabolism and the content of some phenolics, and of lignin, are lower (Matsuyama & Dimond, 1973; Marschner, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Botrytis cinerea sporulation in sweet basil by altering the concentrations of nitrogen and calcium in the irrigation solution

et al. 2006

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Current measures for suppressing grey mould ( Botrytis cinerea ) on sweet basil rely on fungicide applications and climate control. In this study, the nitrogen and calcium concentrations in the standard irrigation solution (7·2 and 1·3 m m , respectively) were varied in a series of experiments conducted in pots and large containers. Treatments differed in the N or Ca concentrations supplied, and effects on host response were determined in detached stem segments, individual plants and plots. Effects of the two elements on grey mould incidence, lesion size and rate of disease progression were erratic and rarely significant, but decreasing the concentration of N and increasing the concentration of Ca in the irrigation solution decreased sporulation of B. cinerea . In some cases, however, altering the standard irrigation solution resulted in significantly lower yields. Analyses of mineral contents in the shoots suggested that yields were not impaired when N content in the shoots was not reduced below 2·9% and Ca content was not raised above 1·3%. These findings were used to compose a modified irrigation solution containing half of the N (3·6 m m ) and double of the Ca (2·55 m m ) concentrations in the standard irrigation solution. The modified irrigation solution significantly reduced sporulation of B. cinerea without affecting crop yield.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Botrytis cinerea sporulation in sweet basil by altering the concentrations of nitrogen and calcium in the irrigation solution

et al. 2006

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“…Studies that might distinguish these possibilities have given conflicting results. Matsuyama and Dimond (1973) showed that the application of nitrogenous fertilizers to rice led to a reduction in the activities of enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the production of lignin, suggesting that fertilizers compromised the intensity of secondary plant defences. This is consistent with hypothesis B3.…”

Section: Effect Of the External Environment Of The Plant On Disease Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrient supply of pathogenic fungi; a fertile field for study

Solomon

Tan

Oliver

2003

Molecular Plant Pathology

222

187

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SUMMARY Phytopathogenic fungi must feed on their hosts to propagate and cause disease. Their ability to access the rich nutrient supply offered by living plants is one of the most obvious properties that distinguish pathogens from saprophytes. Successful invasion by pathogens depends as much on their ability to utilize the available nutrient sources offered by plants as on their ability to penetrate plants and evade defensive mechanisms. Here, we review current knowledge on the nature of the nutrient supplies utilized by pathogens during infection. The available evidence is rudimentary in most cases. There is much evidence to suggest that fungal metabolism can be divided into at least two phases. The first is based on lipolysis and occurs during germination and penetration of the host. The second phase uses glycolysis and predominates during the invasion of host tissue. We also propose, mainly on theoretical grounds, that a third phase of nutrition occurs late in infection during which new spores are produced. Contrary to early assumptions, the nitrogen sources available to some pathogens appear to be abundant. The idea that nitrogen starvation is a cue that controls fungal gene expression during infection may need to be reassessed. Very little is known about the micronutrient (Fe, S, P) or vitamin supply. The knowledge gained from this research may enable the design of new antifungal strategies targeting potential weaknesses in fungal metabolism and will also impact on agronomic practices.

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“…Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POX) activity were assayed by the method of Matsuyama and Dimond (1973). For PAL, total protein extracts from 100 mg of cucumber leaves was incubated for 3 h at 30°C with 10 ml of 0.1 M Tris buffer (pH 8.0) containing 0.1% phenylalanine as a substance.…”

Section: Enzyme Activity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenic cucumber expressing an endogenous class III chitinase gene has reduced symptoms from Botrytis cinerea

et al. 2004

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A class III chitinase gene (CHI2) is induced in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativa L.) in response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Infection of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold disease on cucumber, also induces CHI2 expression. To investigate whether CHI2 is involved in resistance to gray mold disease, transgenic cucumber plants were produced to overexpress the CHI2 gene. One line was analyzed in detail in terms of disease resistance. The transgenic cucumber plant (CC2) constitutively expressed CHI2 and reduced the symptoms of B. cinerea for 4 days after inoculation compared with nontransgenic plants. However, this inhibitory effect was not absolute, and CC2 eventually developed serious disease symptoms. Chitinase activity of the crude extract from CC2 leaves was higher than that from nontransgenic plants. A high-molecular-weight fraction containing CHI2 from CC2 leaves had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Interestingly, the low-molecular-weight fraction from CC2 leaves with CHI2 removed also had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Not only the introduced chitinase activity but also the endogenous defense reactions activated by overexpression of CHI2 may be involved in the enhanced gray mold disease resistance in CC2.

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Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Biochemical Processes that Could Affect Lesion Size of Rice Blast

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Reduction of Botrytis cinerea sporulation in sweet basil by altering the concentrations of nitrogen and calcium in the irrigation solution

Reduction of Botrytis cinerea sporulation in sweet basil by altering the concentrations of nitrogen and calcium in the irrigation solution

The nutrient supply of pathogenic fungi; a fertile field for study

Transgenic cucumber expressing an endogenous class III chitinase gene has reduced symptoms from Botrytis cinerea

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