Effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic field on the alteration of ovarian follicles in rats

Abstract

IntroductionIn recent years, there has been an increase in the attention paid to safety effects, environmental and society’s health, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF), and radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). The aim of this research was to determine the effect of EMF on the alteration of ovarian follicles.MethodsIn this experimental study at Tabriz Medical University in 2015, we did EMF exposures and assessed the alteration of rats’ ovarian follicles. Thirty three-month old rats were selected randomly from laboratory animals, and, after their ages and weights were determined, they were divided randomly into three groups. The control group consisted of 10 rats without any treatment, and they were kept in normal conditions. The second group of rats was influenced by a magnetic field of 50 Hz for eight weeks (three weeks intrauterine and five weeks ectopic). The third group of rats was influenced by a magnetic field of 50 Hz for 13 weeks (three weeks intrauterine and ten weeks ectopic). Samples were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and cleared with Xylol and embedded in paraffin. After sectioning and staining, samples were studied by optic microscopy. Finally, SPSS version 17, were used for data analysis.ResultsEMF radiation increased the harmful effects on the formation of ovarian follicles and oocytes implantation. Studies on the effects of electromagnetic fields on ovarian follicles have shown that the nuclei of the oocytes become smaller and change shape. There were significant, harmful changes in the groups affected by electromagnetic waves. Atresia of ovarian follicles was significantly significant in both study groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionExposure to electromagnetic fields during embryonic development can cause morphological changes in oocytes and affect the differentiation of oocytes and folliculogenesis, resulting in decreased ovarian reserve leading to infertility or reduced fertility.

Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of High Voltage Overhead Power Lines and Female Infertility

“…It may also decrease ovarian reserve, which can lead to infertility. [18][19][20][21][22][23] In modern societies, humans are inevitably submerged in a sea of various spectrums of electromagnetic fields. The adverse effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields on human depend on the density of the field and the duration of the exposure.…”

Effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure during embryonic and postnatal period on reproductive system of female rats

“…Ранее в эксперименте с ежедневным 4-часовым облучением мышей ПеМП 50 Гц 3 мТ в течение периода гестации в потомстве у самок мышей наблюдали признаки нарушения фолликулогенеза с уменьшением количества примордиальных фолликулов и увеличением числа атретических фолликулов, при этом в фолликулах выявлены признаки апоптоза [30]. В другом исследовании также установлен негативный эффект длительного воздействия ПеМП 50 Гц на яичники крыс в период эмбрионального развития [8]. В проведенном нами исследовании также наблюдалось некоторое снижение числа примордиальных и первичных фолликулов с увеличением количества антральных фолликулов; это свидетельствует о том, что во взрослом организме на фоне длительного предшествующего воздействия ПеМП КНЧ возможны изменения в процессах созревания фолликулов.…”

“…Известно, что любые экзогенные физические и химические факторы, способные прямо или опосредованно влиять на формирование и функционирование клеток, органов и системы в целом на разных этапах онтогенеза, могут привести к нарушениям эмбрионального развития органов, появлению заболеваний и, как следствие, снижению репродуктивной функции [1,5]. Так, ранее в экспериментах на крысах и мышах показаны неблагоприятные результаты длительного воздействия ПеМП КНЧ на репродуктивную систему самцов и самок, при этом выявлены изменения веса репродуктивных органов, содержания половых гормонов, нарушения эстрального цикла и овогенеза у самок и сперматогенеза у самцов [5,[8][9][10]. Но одновременно в ряде исследований отмечено отсутствие каких-либо значимых неблагоприятных эффектов при воздействии ПеМП КНЧ на репродуктивную систему человека и животных [11,12].…”

The role of melatonin in preventing ovarian tissue damage in rats exposed to magnetic fields

“…h The difference between Group 2 and Group 4 was statistically significant (P = 0.018). of oocyte nuclei, decreased numbers of ovarian follicles, and DNA damage (1,2,25,26). In our study, we similarly found significant degeneration in mature follicles in the group exposed to radiation.…”

“…As a consequence of technological improvements, exposure to magnetic fields has been increasing. The harmful effects of chronic exposure to magnetic fields can be observed in all tissues of the human body, particularly in the ovaries (1,2).…”