Effect of non-uniform distribution of particle-associated markers on the measurement of duodenal digesta flow by the double-marker technique

Faichney, GJ

doi:10.1017/s0021859600068076

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Duodenal bacteria were separated from a reconstituted sample by differential centrifugation (Vlaeminck et al, 2006). Duodenal flows were determined based on the double marker technique as described by Faichney (1992). Cytosine, adenine and OBCFA were used as microbial marker and were determined in rumen bacteria and duodenal digesta.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of variation in the proportion of solid- and liquid-associated rumen bacteria in duodenal contents on the estimation of duodenal bacterial nitrogen flow

Vlaeminck¹,

Fievez²,

Demeyer³

et al. 2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The aim of this research was to examine to what extent variation in the relative proportions of solid-(SAB) and liquid-associated rumen bacteria (LAB) in duodenal bacteria have an impact on the estimation of duodenal flow of bacterial N. For this, four dairy cows were fed diets varying in forage: concentrate ratio (80:20, 65:35, 50:50 and 35:65). SAB and LAB were separated from rumen contents four h after the morning feeding. Adenine, cytosine and odd and branched-chain fatty acids were determined both in SAB and LAB and used to estimate bacterial N flow. Bacterial N flows were also calculated using a SAB:LAB ratio in duodenal bacteria, as estimated from the odd and branched-chain fatty acid pattern. Compared with calculations based on the estimated SAB:LAB ratio, estimations based on SAB or LAB only as a bacterial reference on average over-and underestimated bacterial N flow by 37 and 55 g N/d, respectively (P<0.05) when cytosine or adenine were used as bacterial marker. In contrast, due to the small differences in the OBCFA:N ratio between SAB and LAB, these differences were less than 15 g/d when OBCFA were used as bacterial marker. The results suggest that, depending on the marker used, changes in the proportions of SAB and LAB can have a substantial impact on estimated duodenal flow of bacterial N.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of variation in the proportion of solid- and liquid-associated rumen bacteria in duodenal contents on the estimation of duodenal bacterial nitrogen flow

Vlaeminck¹,

Fievez²,

Demeyer³

et al. 2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Milk samples were taken from 8 consecutive milkings and stored frozen. Duodenal flows were determined based on the double marker technique as described by Faichney (1992), using Cr-mordanted NDF and CoEDTA for the solid and liquid fractions, respectively. After a priming dose of 90 g of Cr-NDF and 22.5 g of CoEDTA, markers (60 g of Cr-NDF and 15 g of CoEDTA per d) were administered in 2 equal portions per d via the rumen cannula at 0500 and 1600 h for 11 d. In the fourth week of each period, markers were administered at 4h intervals to prevent large variation in marker concentrations in the duodenum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Odd and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Contents and Milk as a Potential Microbial Marker

Vlaeminck

Dufour

Vuuren

et al. 2005

Journal of Dairy Science

109

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The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine if a correlation exists between rumen odd and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA, i.e., C(15:0), iso C(15:0), anteiso C(15:0), C(17:0), iso C(17:0), anteiso C(17:0), and C(17:1)), uracil, and purine bases (PB), 2) to evaluate the potential of milk OBCFA secretion to predict duodenal flow of microbial protein in lactating cows, 3) to evaluate the accuracy of the latter prediction equations using an independent data set, and 4) to determine whether these predictions were more accurate than predictions based on dry matter intake (DMI) and dietary characteristics. In the first experiment, 4 lactating dairy cows arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square were offered diets based on grass silages of different botanical composition and a standard concentrate. The relationship between rumen pool size of OBCFA and microbial matter was investigated. Rumen pool size of microbial matter (g), determined 4, 12, and 17 h after feeding, using uracil and PB as microbial markers, was closely related to OBCFA (g) [r(2) = 0.716, root mean square error (RMSE) = 4.45]. To correct for differences in marker concentrations among strains of rumen microbes, C(17:0) was included in the regression equations, resulting in an increased predictive power (r(2) = 0.780, RMSE = 3.92). The relationship between microbial flow to the duodenum and milk OBCFA yield was evaluated in a second experiment with lactating dairy cows offered diets based on grass silage and concentrates differing in starch source. Similar to observations in the rumen, milk OBCFA yield was closely related to microbial flow to the duodenum (RMSE = 4.28), but predictive power of equations did not increase when straight-chain C(17)-fatty acids were included in the regression equations (RMSE = 4.92). Evaluation of the current prediction equations with 3 independent datasets resulted in a root mean square prediction error of 20.5 and 13.4% of the observed mean for equations based on milk secretion of total OBCFA and straight-chain C(17)-fatty acids, respectively. Comparison of the accuracy of the latter equations with 2 previously published equations based on DMI and dietary characteristics suggest the former to be more accurate. This first evaluation suggests that milk OBCFA could be used as a marker for duodenal flow of microbial matter, especially when accurate measurements of DMI are not available.

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“…Chromium and Yb were used to measure the retention time of digesta in the rumen for each sheep using the double-marker dose technique (Faichney, 1992a). Ytterbium, as YbCl 3 , was used to associate with the particulate matter in the rumen (Faichney, 1992b), and Cr-EDTA was used to associate with the liquid fraction (Faichney, 1992a). A single dose of 50 mL of Cr-Yb solution was added to the rumen 1 h after feeding.…”

Section: Estimation Of Mean Retention Time Of Liquid and Particulate mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro methane emission and acetate:propionate ratio are decreased when artificial stimulation of the rumen wall is combined with increasing grain diets in sheep1

Christophersen

Wright

Vercoe

2008

Journal of Animal Science

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The interaction of retention time in the rumen and concentrate diet on methane production in vitro and acetate:propionate ratio was examined. Twenty-four fistulated sheep were used in a complete factorial design with the sheep randomly divided into 4 groups. The sheep had a 5-wk acclimatization period on an oaten chaff diet, followed by two 3-wk diet phases. Two of the 4 groups were maintained on the oaten chaff diet for the duration of the experiment, with pot scrubbers added to the rumen of 1 of the 2 groups. The remaining 2 groups were offered a low-grain diet (35% grain) in the first diet phase followed by a high-grain diet (70% grain) in the second diet phase. Pot scrubbers were also added to the rumen of 1 of these 2 groups of grain-fed sheep. Pot scrubbers in combination with a low-grain diet decreased the amount of methane produced in vitro from 4.25 to 3.71 mmol/mL of digesta when compared with oaten chaff-fed sheep without pot scrubbers (P < 0.05). The acetate:propionate ratio was 1.6 in sheep fed a high-grain diet with pot scrubbers compared with 2.4 in sheep fed a high-grain diet without pot scrubbers in their rumen (P < 0.05). At high levels of grain, when employing a multivariate statistical analysis including all data, sheep given the combined treatment of grain and pot scrubbers were different from all other sheep groups in this experiment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sheep fed a high-grain diet were different from sheep receiving the oaten chaff diets with and without pot scrubbers (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, pot scrubbers combined with grain alter the rumen fermentation, and introducing pot scrubbers into the rumens of livestock consuming low levels of grain may be a way to lower methane emissions.

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Effect of non-uniform distribution of particle-associated markers on the measurement of duodenal digesta flow by the double-marker technique

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of variation in the proportion of solid- and liquid-associated rumen bacteria in duodenal contents on the estimation of duodenal bacterial nitrogen flow

Effect of variation in the proportion of solid- and liquid-associated rumen bacteria in duodenal contents on the estimation of duodenal bacterial nitrogen flow

Use of Odd and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Contents and Milk as a Potential Microbial Marker

In vitro methane emission and acetate:propionate ratio are decreased when artificial stimulation of the rumen wall is combined with increasing grain diets in sheep1

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