Effect of Nora virus infection on native gut bacterial communities of &lt;i&gt;Drosophila melanogaster&lt;/i&gt;

Schissel, Makayla; Best, R.M.; Liesemeyer, Shelby; Tan, Yuan; Carlson, Darby J.; Shaffer, Julie J.; Avuthu, Nagavardhini; Guda, Chittibabu; Carlson, Kimberly A.

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2021014

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The other virus associated with a decrease in lifespan and offspring production-DmelNVhas been isolated for study. Previous studies found that on DmelNV infection, flies initiate an immune response [51,52], show histology and gene expression consistent with damage to the gut [25], and an increased diversity of the gut microbiome [53]. However, our study additionally shows an association between DmelNV infection and reduced fecundity (95% CI 29 to 63% reduction in offspring production), and one which cannot be attributed solely to a decrease in lifespan (Fig.…”

Section: Viral Infection Is Associated With Reduced Lifespan and Offs...supporting

confidence: 61%

“…This is supported by a recent study showing DmelNV infection in some laboratory stocks can cause >40% lifespan reduction [54]. However, other reports of the effect of DmelNV on lifespan are mixed [25,26,53]. It’s possible that DmelNV pathology accelerates in later life in a way that is not detectable some mortality analyses [eg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…However, other reports of the effect of DmelNV on lifespan are mixed [25,26,53]. It's possible that DmelNV pathology accelerates in later life in a way that is not detectable some mortality analyses [eg.…”

Section: Viral Infection Is Associated With Reduced Lifespan and Offs...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naturally occurring viruses ofDrosophilareduce offspring number and lifespan

Wallace,

Obbard

2023

Preprint

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Drosophila remains a pre-eminent insect model system for host-virus interaction, but the host range and fitness consequences of the drosophilid virome are poorly understood. Metagenomic studies have reported over 160 viruses associated with Drosophilidae, but few isolates are available to characterise the Drosophila immune response, and most characterisation has relied on injection and systemic infection. Here we use a more natural infection route to characterise the fitness effects of infection and to study a wider range of viruses. We exposed laboratory D. melanogaster to 23 naturally occurring viruses from wild-collected drosophilids. We recorded transmission rates along with two components of female fitness: survival and the lifetime number of adult offspring produced. Nine different viruses transmitted during contact with laboratory D. melanogaster, although for the majority, rates of transmission were less than 20%. Five virus infections led to a significant decrease in lifespan (D. melanogaster nora virus, D. immigrans nora virus, Muthill virus, galbut virus and Prestney Burn virus), and three led to a reduction in the total number of offspring. Our findings demonstrate the utility of the Drosophila model for community-level studies of host-virus interactions, and suggest that viral infection could be a substantial fitness burden on wild flies.

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Section: Viral Infection Is Associated With Reduced Lifespan and Offs...supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Naturally occurring viruses ofDrosophilareduce offspring number and lifespan

Wallace,

Obbard

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The other virus associated with a decrease in lifespan and offspring production—DmelNV— has been isolated for study. Previous studies found that flies initiate an immune response on DmelNV infection [ 54 , 55 ], show histology and gene expression consistent with damage to the gut [ 26 ], and an increased diversity of the gut microbiome [ 56 ]. However, our study additionally shows an association between DmelNV infection and reduced fecundity (95% CI 29 to 63% reduction in offspring production), and one which cannot be attributed solely to a decrease in lifespan (electronic supplementary material, figure S7 and table S6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is supported by a recent study showing DmelNV infection in some laboratory stocks can cause greater than 40% lifespan reduction [ 57 ]. However, other reports of the effect of DmelNV on lifespan are mixed [ 26 , 27 , 56 ]. It's possible that DmelNV pathology accelerates in later life in a way that is not detectable in some mortality analyses (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally occurring viruses of Drosophila reduce offspring number and lifespan

Wallace,

Obbard

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Drosophila remains a pre-eminent insect model system for host–virus interaction, but the host range and fitness consequences of the drosophilid virome are poorly understood. Metagenomic studies have reported approximately 200 viruses associated with Drosophilidae, but few isolates are available to characterize the Drosophila immune response, and most characterization has relied on injection and systemic infection. Here, we use a more natural infection route to characterize the fitness effects of infection and to study a wider range of viruses. We exposed laboratory Drosophila melanogaster to 23 naturally occurring viruses from wild-collected drosophilids. We recorded transmission rates along with two components of female fitness: survival and the lifetime number of adult offspring produced. Nine different viruses transmitted during contact with laboratory D. melanogaster , although for the majority, rates of transmission were less than 20%. Five virus infections led to a significant decrease in lifespan (D. melanogaster Nora virus, D. immigrans Nora virus, Muthill virus, galbut virus and Prestney Burn virus), and three led to a reduction in the total number of offspring. Our findings demonstrate the utility of the Drosophila model for community-level studies of host–virus interactions, and suggest that viral infection could be a substantial fitness burden on wild flies.

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