Effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculation disturbance induced by gut ischemia and reperfusion

Abstract

AIM:To assess the effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance induced by gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. METHODS:The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of C57/BL mice was ligated for 15 min to induce gut ischemia followed by 30-min reperfusion. In another set of experiments, R1 was continuously infused (10 mg/kg per hour) from 10 min before I/R until the end of the investigation to study the influence of R1 on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance induced by gut I/R. Hepatic microcirculation was observed by inverted microscopy, and the vascular diameter, red blood cell (RBC) velocity and sinusoid perfusion were estimated. Leukocyte rolling and adhesion were observed under a laser confocal microscope. Thirty and 60 min after reperfusion, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in peripheral blood were determined. The expression of adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 in neutrophils and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in plasma were evaluated by fl ow cytometry. E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in hepatic tissue were examined by immunofl uorescence.www.wjgnet.com RESULTS: After gut I/R, the diameters of terminal portal venules and central veins, RBC velocity and the number of perfused sinusoids were decreased, while the leukocyte rolling and adhesion, the expression of E-selectin in hepatic vessels and CD18 in neutrophils, IL-6, MCP-1, LDH, ALT and AST were increased. R1 treatment attenuated these alterations except for IL-6 and MCP-1. CONCLUSION:R1 prevents I/R-induced hepatic microcirculation disturbance and hepatocyte injury. The effect of R1 is related to its inhibition of leukocyte rolling and adhesion by inhibiting the expression of E-selectin in endothelium and CD18 in neutrophils.

The effects of notoginsenoside R1 on the intestinal absorption of geniposide by the everted rat gut sac model

“…1). It has exhibited various health promotion activities, including being neuroprotective (Gu et al, 2009), hepatic protective (Chen et al, 2008), cardiovascular protective (Zhang et al, 1994), and exhibiting immune stimulation effects.…”

Hepatic microvascular changes in rat abdominal compartment syndrome

“…We attempted to control for this by minimizing the time between the midline abdominal fasciotomy and the IVVM analysis. Although the literature has suggested a causative effect of the ischemiaereperfusion injuries on sinusoidal patency, none of these studies included the local compressive effect that is observed in ACS on the abdominal viscera [26,27]. As such, these perfusional differences are likely a combination of both the reperfusion injury and the local trauma of increased IAPs seen in ACS.…”

“…ACS resulted in a significant increase in arterial pH and pCO 2 levels and a trend toward decreased pO 2 levels; t-test, *P < 0.05 from control. A number of studies have correlated these changes in sinusoidal perfusion with reperfusion states after an ischemic insult [26,27]. As such, a secondary exacerbating factor could be the effect of ischemiaereperfusion injuries in these rats.…”

Caffeic acid attenuates rat liver reperfusion injury through sirtuin 3-dependent regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain

“…The result was presented as the ratio of the value determined at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after reperfusion to the baseline (before ischemia) [27].…”

“…To evaluate the leukocytes rolling and adhesion, 0.4 mL fluorescence tracer Rhodamine 6G (0.5 mg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was administrated via the left femoral vein for selective staining of leukocytes in vivo [27]. The venules were observed under an irradiation at wavelength of 543 nm.…”