Effect of NOx on the somatic chromosomes of goldsmiths.

Abstract

The genotoxic effc of NO2 was investigated on somatic human chromosomes obtained from lymphocytes of45 goldsmiths exposed to 1770.5 mg/m3 NO1 in ambient air at normal temperatre and pressure and compared to an equal number of matched control breadting air containing 50 pg/m3 NOr. Short-term lymphocyte culres were set up from blood collected from both exposed and control individuals by venipuncue in heparinized sterile syringes. Mitotic We conducted an epidemiological survey using a proforma especially designed for this purpose. After obtaining consent, we performed subsequent medical examinations of subjects suffering from asthma.Short-term lymphocyte cultures were prepared from heparinized blood (heparin 500 IU/ml without preservative) according to the method of Moorhead et al. (3), with slight modifications. Blood (0.5 ml) was added to 5 ml RPMI 1640 medium containing 20% fetal calf serum, 100 IU/ml penicillin, 100 pg/ml streptomycin, and 0.1 ml phytohemagglutinin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Colchicine (10 pg/ml) was added to the culture 2 hr before harvesting.Lymphocytes were harvested after 48 hr for determination of mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and satellite associations (SAs). Slides were air dried and stained with 4% Giemsa. As many as 100 good metaphases (well-spread metaphases showing 2N-46 and proper morphology of chromosomes) per individual were screened for CAs.To determine sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), we added 5-bromodeoxyuridine (10 pg/ml/culture; Sigma) 24 hr after preparing cultures. We used the method of Perry and Wolff (4) with the following modifications: 1) the cells on slides were stained directly in excess solution of Hoechst 33258 (50 pg/ml in H20; Sigma); 2) the slides were exposed to long-wave UV light of about 320-400 mm intensity; 3) the slides were rinsed with water and incubated for 15-30 min in 2X SSC at 65°C; and 4) the slides were rinsed with water and stained with 2-3% Giemsa in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8 ResultsThe epidemiological survey showed that 6 individuals out of the sample of 45 goldsmiths were asthmatic. As many as 30 persons also complained of irritation in the eyes.The data obtained during this study are presented in Tables 1-8. It is evident from Tables 1 and 2 that mean MI in exposed workers (9.57) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than in matched controls (5.01). It was highest in workers with an exposure period of 0-5 years. Thereafter, the MI showed a gradual decline.We found chromosomal aberrations to be elevated in the group exposed to NOX.Yields of aberrations in goldsmiths are presented in Table 3, and raw data are given in Table 4. Frequencies of all types of CAs such as dicentrics, rings, acentric fragments, chromatid gaps, breaks, and isochromatid aberrations were significantly higher in the

Genotoxic effects of albendazole in patients medicated for cystic echinococcosis

“…Our findings support their 3D-type findings. But high SCE frequency in C-X type chromosomes in our study does not confirm findings on high SCE frequency in DG type chromosomes of Yadav and Seth (1998). Our results demontrated the decrease of MI in treated patients compared with the control group, which is in a good accord in vitro studies associated with genotoxic agents tested on human peripheral lymphocytes (Celik & Aras, 2006;Aydemir et al, 2005;Rencuzogullari et al, 2001Rencuzogullari et al, , 2004Rupa et al,1989;Meng et al, 1994).…”

“…These findings support the strong genotoxic effect of the drug that might be related to the influenced cell cycle. Similarly, Yadav and Seth (1998) found an increase of SCE most frequently in DG (one D-group chromosome and one G-group chromosome) chromosomes association and most rarely in 3D (three D-group chromosomes) association during their study of a impact of polycyclic hydrocarbon to coal tar workers. Our findings support their 3D-type findings.…”

“…In human lymphocytes, the SCE frequency is usually very steady, and does not vary with age or sex. Thus using a method of SCE detection for exploring a toxicity and harm caused by albendazole is of great importance (Yadav & Seth, 1998). Albendazole is a drug used in treatment of helminthiases including cystic hydatid disease.…”

“…Short-term lymphocyte cultures were prepared from heparinized blood (heparin 500 IU/ml without preservative) according to the method of Yadav and Seth (1998), with slight modifications published by Moorhead et al (1960). Blood (0.5 ml) was added to 5 ml RPMI 1640 medium containing 20 % fetal calf serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 µg/ml streptomycin, and 0.1 ml phytohemagglutinin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO).…”

“…The slides were exposed to long-wave UV light of about 320 -400 mm intensity (30 minutes), then were rinsed with water and incubated for 15 -30 min in 2X SSC at 65°C; and after another water rinsing they were stained with 2 -3 % Giemsa in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). For calculating the frequency of SCEs per cell, 25 metaphases per individual were analyzed as per international practice (Lindkov et al, 1984;Yadav & Seth, 1998;Yadav & Chadha, 2002). The SCE frequency was calculated separately for each morphological category of human chromosomes, marked as A -G (C category includes the sex chromosome X and G category includes the Y, see Tab.…”