Effect of Observing-Response Procedures on Overselectivity in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Reed, Phil; Altweck, Laura; Broomfield, Laura; Simpson, Anna; McHugh, Louise

doi:10.1177/1088357612457986

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The results of Study 1 correspond to the only other study of which we are aware that examined DOR effects under simple discrimination contingencies (Reed et al., 2012). In this study, DORs did not facilitate simple stimulus control over pointing responses of participants diagnosed with ASD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Exploring effects of differential observing responses on vocal tact acquisition

Devine

Pétursdóttir

2021

Behavioral Interventions

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Two studies were conducted to explore the effects of differential observing responses (DORs) on vocal tact acquisition in preschool‐age children of typical development. In Study 1 with three participants, an identity‐matching DOR was incorporated into tact instruction trials with novel visual stimuli. Acquisition rates were similar in the DOR condition and in a non‐DOR condition. In Study 2 with five new participants, the identity‐matching DOR was implemented as an intervention when standard discrete‐trial instruction failed to produce acquisition of tacts of compound stimuli. Two participants reached mastery after the identity‐matching DOR was introduced, whereas three participants' progress was unaffected. For those three, the identity‐matching DOR was replaced with a verbal DOR (tacting of stimulus components), but although one participant's correct responding increased, none reached mastery. Two participants ultimately reached mastery after a non‐DOR intervention. Conditions under which DORs facilitate stimulus control outside of MTS tasks remain to be identified.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Exploring effects of differential observing responses on vocal tact acquisition

Devine

Pétursdóttir

2021

Behavioral Interventions

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“…It is fortunate that stimulus overselectivity and blocking may be reduced by teaching an overt precurrent ("observing") response to the S + (Doughty & Hopkins, 2011), as well as by teaching conditional discrimination from the beginning of a procedure, rather than following a simple discrimination (Green, 2001). Moreover, Farber et al (2017) suggested that differential observing responses (e.g., different tacts to sample stimuli) during matching-to-sample resulted in less overselectivity than nondifferential observing responses, where the response to the sample is the same on every trial, in children with autism (e.g., Reed, Altweck, Broomfield, Simpson, & McHugh, 2012). Differential observing responses verify the discrimination of stimulus features that differ among the samples (e.g., by tacting the sample stimuli).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocking of Stimulus Control in Children with Autism

2021

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The present study aimed to investigate the blocking of stimulus control in three children with autism. We used a go/no-go procedure in a standard blocking paradigm. In Phase 1, we established one of two sounds or colored squares as a discriminative stimulus for touching a tablet screen. In Phase 2, a colored square was added to the sound or a sound was added to the colored square in a stimulus compound. The discrimination training continued as in Phase 1. We subsequently tested discriminative control by each of the single stimuli separately and by the compounds. Finally, after testing with no programmed consequences, we reestablished the original discrimination and replicated the test of stimulus control. The results support previous experiments by demonstrating that the establishment of discriminative control by a second stimulus by adding it to a previously established discriminative stimulus in a compound was blocked by the earlier discrimination training in all three participants. We discuss procedural details that may be critical to avoid the blocking of stimulus control in the applied field, particularly with respect to the acquisition of skills that involve multiple stimuli, such as joint attention, social referencing, and bidirectional naming.

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“…In support of this, eye-tracking data from individuals with intellectual disabilities suggest that overselected stimuli (i.e., those exerting selective control) are observed more often and for longer durations than underselected stimuli (i.e., those exerting little to no control). Additionally, interventions that differentially reinforce observing of underselected stimuli appear to remediate overselectivity, although their effects may not necessarily maintain over time (Dube & McIlvane, 1999;Dube et al, 2003Dube et al, , 2010Farber et al, 2017;Walpole et al, 2007; but see also Reed, Altweck, et al, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revaluation of overselected stimuli: Emergence of control by underselected stimuli depends on degree of overselectivity

Gomes-Ng

Kim

Cowie

et al. 2023

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Stimulus overselectivity describes strong control by one stimulus element at the expense of other equally relevant elements. Research suggests that control by underselected stimuli emerges following extinction of the overselected stimulus (“revaluation”) and the emergence is larger when overselectivity is greater. We compared such revaluation effects with a control compound or condition in two experiments. Human participants chose between compound S+ and S‐ stimuli. Then, to assess control by compound‐stimulus elements, participants chose between individual elements in a testing phase without feedback. The S+ element chosen most often (the overselected element) underwent revaluation, during which choice of that element was extinguished and choice of a novel element reinforced. Thereafter, participants completed a retesting phase. Revaluation reduced choice of the overselected element. Choice of the underselected element decreased for participants with low overselectivity but increased for participants with high overselectivity. This was not the case for a control compound that did not undergo revaluation (Experiments 1 and 2) or in a control condition in which the overselected element continued to be reinforced during revaluation (Experiment 2). These findings suggest that overselectivity levels may modulate revaluation effects, and they also highlight the importance of the contingency change in postrevaluation changes in stimulus control.

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Effect of Observing-Response Procedures on Overselectivity in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Exploring effects of differential observing responses on vocal tact acquisition

Exploring effects of differential observing responses on vocal tact acquisition

Blocking of Stimulus Control in Children with Autism

Revaluation of overselected stimuli: Emergence of control by underselected stimuli depends on degree of overselectivity

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