Effect of operating conditions on Bromate Removal Efficiency in BAC filters

Abstract

This study examined the use of biologically active carbon (BAC) filters for microbial reduction of bromate to bromide. In these filters, abiotic reduction by the activated carbon did not play a significant role in bromate removal. Bromate removal in a BAC filter decreased by 30% after a system perturbation, suggesting that filter history affects bromate removal. Although 25 and 51 mm (1 and 2 in.) inner‐diameter BAC filters provided comparable bromate removals for the tested contact times, the larger filter exhibited nitrite production; therefore, system performance must be monitored to prevent such undesirable compounds from entering the water. The mass of bromate removed increased as the influent bromate concentration increased, whereas bromate removal did not change after backwashing. Experimental evidence indicated that increased regrowth would not be observed in the distribution system following BAC filtration with a low influent dissolved oxygen concentration (2 mg/L) in the tested water.

Biological Bromate Reduction Driven by Methane in a Membrane Biofilm Reactor

“…Microbial bromate reduction has been proven to be one of the most effective processes for remediation of bromate-contaminated groundwater . A variety of reactor configurations, including biologically active carbon filters and fixed-bed reactors, have been utilized for microbial bromate remediation. However, the supplement of external organic carbons (e.g., ethanol or acetate) as electron donors could potentially increase operational costs or incur secondary pollution.…”

Isolation of Anaerobic Bromate-Reducing Bacteria Using Different Carbon Sources and Transcriptomic Insights From Klebsiella variicola Glu3

“…Considering that the seed sludge used for anaerobic enrichment was taken from aerobic activated sludge, the enriched bacteria were likely facultative anaerobes. Bacterial isolates belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes have been reported to be involved in bromate reduction ( Hijnen et al, 1995 ; Kirisits et al, 2002 ; Assunção et al, 2011 ; Davidson et al, 2011 ; Liu et al, 2012 ; Demirel et al, 2014 ; Zhong et al, 2018 ), however, to the best of our knowledge, no bromate-reducing bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae have been identified by other groups, although other genera that belonging to Proteobacteria , such as Citrobacter ( Assunção et al, 2011 ), Sphingomonas ( Liu et al, 2012 ), and Denitratisoma ( Demirel et al, 2014 ), have been reported to be involved in bromate reduction. Thus, the cultural isolates here have expanded our understanding of the potential diversity of bromate-reducing bacteria.…”

“…To date, although the biological reduction of bromate has been realized in many types of bioreactors, and several attempts have been made to identify bromate-reducing consortia, the phylogenetic characterization of bromate reducers remains inconclusive ( Assunção et al, 2011 ; Davidson et al, 2011 ; Liu et al, 2012 ; Zhong et al, 2018 ). Moreover, although some bromate-reducing bacterial strains that belong to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria have been isolated and identified in previous studies ( Hijnen et al, 1995 ; Kirisits et al, 2002 ; Davidson et al, 2011 ; Tamai et al, 2016 ), the specific bromate-reducing pathway has remained unclear. Thus, our work aims to isolate a number of differing bromate-reducing bacteria and to uncover genomic insights into bromate reducers.…”

Evidence of specialized bromate-reducing bacteria in a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor

“…Significant bromate doi: 10.2166/wst.2009.216 reduction has been achieved using biologically activated carbon (Kirisits & Snoeyink 1999;Kirisits et al 2001Kirisits et al , 2002, a suspended growth bioreactor (Butler et al 2005b), a fixed-film bioreactor (Butler et al 2006), and a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor (Downing & Nerenberg 2007).…”