“…The ratio of height of the reactor to its diameter (H C /D C ) would therefore affect the gas holdup. A number of investigators reported that typically no obvious change in the gas holdup was observed when H C /D C ratios were >5-6 [12,35,32], as the effect of sparger on the total gas holdup within the top region of the reactor was insignificant. Furthermore, the gas holdup was found to decrease with column diameter [33] due to a reduction in the holdup of large gas bubbles [15,34], a change in the liquid backmixing [30], and a reduction of the foaming ability of the liquid/slurry [35].…”