2023
DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080704
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Effect of Operating Parameters on the Performance of Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge for Wastewater Treatment

Sharjeel Waqas,
Noorfidza Yub Harun,
Nonni Soraya Sambudi
et al.

Abstract: Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) is a hybrid wastewater treatment process that combines suspended and attached growth. The current review provides an overview of the effect of operating parameters on the performance of IFAS and their implications for wastewater treatment. The operating parameters examined include hydraulic retention time (HRT), solids retention time (SRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, temperature, nutrient loading rates, and aeration. Proper control and optimization of these para… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Hydrophilic membranes have a strong affinity for water and polar solvents. A hydrophobic membrane has a contact angle greater than 90°, typically from 90 to 180° . Hydrophobic membranes repel water or polar solvents and are more compatible with nonpolar liquids .…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Hydrophilic membranes have a strong affinity for water and polar solvents. A hydrophobic membrane has a contact angle greater than 90°, typically from 90 to 180° . Hydrophobic membranes repel water or polar solvents and are more compatible with nonpolar liquids .…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A hydrophobic membrane has a contact angle greater than 90°, typically from 90 to 180°. 39 Hydrophobic membranes repel water or polar solvents and are more compatible with nonpolar liquids. 40 It is important to note that various factors, including surface chemistry, roughness, temperature, and the nature of the fluid in contact with the membrane, can influence the contact angle of a membrane.…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various treatment techniques have been reported and established for wastewater remediation, including sedimentation [14,15], filtration [16,17], biofilms [18,19] and activated sludge [20,21]. However, these existing techniques encounter challenges in completely removing non-biodegradable pollutants due to constraints such as high chemical and energy consumption, prolonged reaction time, high operating costs, sludge generation and toxic gas release [22,23].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The quintessential operating parameters that stimulus COD removal performance and microbial community structure embrace mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), food to microorganism (F/M) ratio, and sludge volume index (SVI) (Bitton, 2005;Tchobanoglous et al, 2014;Waqas et al, 2023). The MLSS is the concentration of suspended biomass in the aeration tank measured as mg/L.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%