“…Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors have been utilized extensively in both catalytic and noncatalytic gas-solid reactions, such as in the catalytic cracking of crude oil and the coal combustion and gasification of wood and biomass (Reh, 1986). A number of studies have been conducted on the hydrodynamics (for example, Li and Kwauk, 1980;Hartge et al, 1986;Weinstein et al, 1986;Rhodes and Geldart, 1987), and on heat transfer behavior (Grace, 1986;Basu et al, 1987;Bi et al, 1989;Wu et al, 1990) in the CFB. Relatively few studies, however, have been made on the mass transfer (Halder and Basu, 1988), and reactor design and modeling (Helmrich et al, 1986;Liu, 1989;Sun and Grace, 1990;Grace et al, 1990;Jiang et al, 1990).…”