Effect of Orally Administered Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz Water Extract on Macrophage and T Cell Inflammatory Response in Mice

Abstract

The rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (AM) is a constituent of various Qi booster compound prescriptions. We evaluated inflammatory responses in macrophages and T cells isolated from mice following oral administration of AM water extract (AME). Peritoneal exudate cells were isolated from thioglycollate-injected mice and alterations in scavenger receptors were examined. Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Serum cytokine responses to intraperitoneal LPS injection were also evaluated. Splenocytes were isolated and their composition and functional responses were measured. The content of atractylenolide I and atractylenolide III, known anti-inflammatory ingredients, in AME was 0.0338 mg/g extract and 0.565 mg/g extract, respectively. AME increased the number of SRA(+)CD11b(+) cells in response to thioglycollate. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from the AME group showed no changes in inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 but exhibited a decrease in CD86 expression. Interestingly, AME decreased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 upon intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Regarding the adaptive immune system, AME increased the CD4(+) T cell population and major histocompatibility complex class II molecule expression in the spleen, and cultured splenocytes from the AME group showed increased production of IL-4 concurrent with decreased interferon-γ production during T cell activation. AME promoted the replenishment of peritoneal macrophages during the inflammatory response but its anti-inflammatory activity did not appear to be mediated by the modulation of macrophage activity. AME also altered the immune status of CD4 T cells, promoting the Th2 response.

A randomized placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial to evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. in healthy Thai subjects

“…During inflammation, bone marrow-derived monocytes are recruited to the site and differentiate into macrophages [ 16 ]. Macrophages eliminate pathogens and antigens through phagocytosis and induce inflammatory responses by producing cytokines and enzymes such as TNFα, IL6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) [ 17 ]. Inflammatory cytokines are generally classified as pro-inflammatory (IL1, IL4, IL6, IL12, IL15, IL17, IL23, TNFα, and IFNγ) or anti-inflammatory (IL10 and TGFβ) [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Ameliorate Thioglycollate-Induced Peritonitis by Increasing Tregs in Mice

“…Injection of TG into the peritoneal cavity is a traditional method of inducing inflammation in the peritoneal cavity and promoting the migration of inflammatory cells, including T cells [ 36 ]. In the abdominal cavity, there are immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, and the number of these cells increases in response to various stimuli [ 37 , 38 ]. Compared to the LPS-induced peritonitis model in mice, we obtained more lavaged immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, in the TG-treated model (data not shown).…”

Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

“…For example, An animal study reported that Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. water extract administered orally could increase the CD4 + T cell population in the spleen of mice stimulated with lipopolysaccharide ( Kwak et al, 2018 ). According to an vitro study, polysaccharides derived from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.…”