Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Productivity, Grain Quality of Rice and Soil Health in North-West IGP: A Review

Abstract

Nutrient supply is the most limiting factor next to the water for crop production. Sustaining rice production has become a great challenge, particularly in areas where rice productivity declines in spite of following recommended nutrient management practices. Nutrient management by integrating organic sources of nutrients along with inorganic fertilizers may play an important role in improving and sustaining rice productivity moreover, chemical fertilizers will play a major role as these contribute about 50% to the increase in food grain production for ever increasing population of our country. Successful nutrient management can optimize crop yields, increase profitability and minimizes nutrient losses. Organic fertilizer improves physical and biological activities of soil but they have comparatively low in nutrient content, so larger quantity is required for plant growth. However, inorganic fertilizer is usually immediately and fast containing all necessary nutrients that are directly accessible for plants. But continuous use of inorganic fertilizers alone causes soil organic matter: degradation, soil acidity and environmental pollution. So the integrated nutrient management system is an alternative system for the sustainable and cost-effective management of soil fertility by combined apply of inorganic with organic materials resulting in rising soil fertility and productivity without affecting environment. Treatment T 6 increased the net photosynthesis rate, total biomass, grain yield, and amylose content by 23%, 90%, 95%, and 10%, respectively, compared with control. This increment in growth was the result of 14%, 19%, and 20% higher total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root diameter, respectively. Improvements in these attributes further enhanced the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice.The application of organic manure alone or along with bio-fertilizers inoculation significantly improved the N, P, K and S uptake by rice over control. However maximum improvement in soil health related to available nutrient status, soil microorganism population was observed in organic nitrogen sources alone or along with bio-fertilizers. The 50% organic fertilizer and 50% CF led to increased NPK availability and rice yields over the 100% CF treatment, reducing CF usage and leading for sustainable agriculture. This review provides a sustainable nutrient management strategy to improve crop yield with high nutrient use efficiency.

Yield assessment of rice-black gram, rice-maize and rice-groundnut sequential cropping system influenced by rice establishment methods and nutrient management practices in the dry tract of the Southern zone of Tamil Nadu, India

“…Among the different INM practices, the higher number of productive tillers m -2 (364), number of filled grains panicle -1 (129), grain yield (6530 kg ha -1 ), straw yield (8824 kg ha -1 ), test weight (16.73 g) and harvest index (42.53 %) recorded in RDF + Poultry manure compost @ 5 t ha -1 . The higher yield attributes and yield might be due to higher levels of inorganic fertilizers, which have increased photosynthesis and enzymes responsible for transforming energy, carbohydrates, fat metabolism and plant respiration (Yadav et al, 2019). Poultry manure is an excellent organic fertilizer, containing high nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other essential nutrients.…”

Estimation of Chlorophyll Using SPAD meter

“…"Maximum N concentration in inorganic fertilizers may be because inorganic fertilizers releases nutrients for the plants instantly and in readily available forms for the plants during its growth, development and reproductive phases where the nutrient demand is at its peak. Higher levels of inorganic fertilizers have increased the activity of photosynthesis and enzymes which responsible for transformation of energy, carbohydrates, fat metabolism and respiration of plant" [42]. "The nitrogen containing organic compounds in organic manures especially in FYM are more resistant to decomposition and only about one third of the nitrogen is easily released.…”

The Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Palak (Indian Spinach)

“…"Lower dry weight in FYM due to higher C:N ratio, which causes N to be immobilized Srinivasarao 2014. Enhancement of growth in VC might be due to greater the nutrient availability, and increase in beneficial enzymatic activities, increased population of beneficial microorganisms or the presence of biologically active plant growth influencing substances such as plant growth regulators or plant hormones" (Arancon et al, 2006) [49][50][51][52][53].…”