Effect of organic compounds on nanoparticle formation in diluted diesel exhaust

Mathis, Urs; Mohr, Martin; Zenobi, Renato

doi:10.5194/acp-4-609-2004

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…They found that a fraction of the nucleation particles came from the lubricating oil. Mathis et al [20] studied the effect of organic compounds on nanoparticle formation in diluted diesel exhaust. Their results suggested that some organic compounds showed significant effect on the formation of the nucleation mode particles.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted from a dimethyl ether (DME) engine

Huang

Wang

et al. 2008

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Measurements of exhaust particle number concentration and size distribution from a dimethyl ether (DME) engine at different engine loads and speeds were carried out by using a two-stage dilution system and an SMPS. The results of the DME engine were compared with those of the original diesel engine. The fuel composition had significant effects on the exhaust particle size distribution, the total exhaust particle number and mass concentrations. Compared with those of the DME engine, the particle mass emissions of the diesel engine increased 5.7-17.7 times. At high engine speed (n=2200 r/min), compared with those of the DME engine, the total particle number emissions of the diesel engine increased 0.75-2.2 times, while the total particle number emissions of the diesel engine decreased by about 50%-80% for middle and high loads at middle engine speed (n=1400 r/min). Compared with those of the DME engine, the total exhaust particle number concentrations in the accumulation mode of the diesel engine increased 4.2-62.6 times and the exhaust particle geometric number mean diameters in the accumulation mode increased by about 10-30 nm. This correlated with higher oxygen level and lack of C-C bonds in DME. A lot of nucleation mode particles were emitted from the DME engine, this correlated with the processes of nucleation and condensation of the volatile and semi-volatile compounds in the exhaust gas.dimethyl ether, diesel engine, ultrafine particle, number concentration, size distribution Diesel engines were widely used in many fields, such as transportation and engineering, while the wide use of those engines brought heavy problems, such as environmental pollution and health hazards. Some studies showed that a lot of ultrafine particles (Diameter, D p <100 nm) were emitted from the diesel engine, and the exhaust particle number concentration was 10 7 -10 9 particles/cm 3 [1,2] . Ultrafine particles of different sizes are able to penetrate deep into different sections of the respiratory system. The finer the particle is, the deeper it penetrates into lungs, thus causing severe respiratory inflammation and acute pulmonary toxicity [3,4] . Therefore, emission of ultrafine particles form diesel engines has been wildly concerned. Thus, the number concentration, together with the size distribution of diesel engine exhaust ultrafine particles, needs better assessment in terms of their potential ambient and health effects.A great number of investigations on ultrafine particles from diesel engines were carried out, the results indicating that the typical particle size distribution of diesel particles shows bimodal and lognormal in form with a nucleation mode (D p <50 nm) and an accumulation mode (D p >50 nm).The nucleation mode particles represent over 90% of particles emitted from diesel engines in terms of number concentration, and the less numerous but much heavier particles in the accumulation mode dominate mass concentration [5][6][7][8] . It is well known that diesel engine particle and gas mass emissions have been

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted from a dimethyl ether (DME) engine

Huang

Wang

et al. 2008

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…3, and indicates a minimum around 06:00 hrs, as well as a maximum in humidity which may encourage new particle formation. 30,33,49 The low temperatures may also signify a low boundary layer height thus limiting the dispersion of newly formed particles, as well as affecting engine operating conditions. Discussion on the presence and formation of these mode II particles will be discussed in greater detail subsequently in the section entitled 'Mode II-super-11 nm nucleation mode particles'.…”

Section: Relationship Between Total Particle Number Concentration (N ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of urban airborne particle number concentrations during rush-hour conditions: analysis of the number based size distributions and modal parameters

et al. 2006

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A summertime study of the number concentration and the size distribution of combustion derived nanometre sized particles (termed nanoparticles) from diesel and spark-ignition (SI) engine emissions were made under rush-hour and free-flow traffic conditions at an urban roadside location in Leeds, UK in July 2003. The measured total particle number concentrations (N(TOTAL)) were of the order 1.8 x 10(4) to 3.4 x 10(4) cm(-3), and tended to follow the diurnal traffic flow patterns. The N(TOTAL) was dominated by particles < or =100 nm in diameter which accounted for between 89-93% of the measured particle number. By use of a log-normal fitting procedure, the modal parameters of the number based particle size distribution of urban airborne particulates were derived from the roadside measurements. Four component modes were identified. Two nucleation modes were found, with a smaller, more minor, mode composed principally of sub-11 nm particles, believed to be derived from particles formed from the nucleation of gaseous species in the atmosphere. A second mode, much larger in terms of number, was composed of particles within the size range of 10-20 nm. This second mode was believed to be principally derived from the condensation of the unburned fuel and lube oil (the solvent organic fraction or SOF) as it cooled on leaving the engine exhaust. Third and fourth modes were noted within the size ranges of 28-65 nm and 100-160 nm, respectively. The third mode was believed to be representative of internally mixed Aitken mode particles composed of a soot/ash core with an adsorbed layer of readily volatilisable material. The fourth mode was believed to be composed of chemically aged, secondary particles. The larger nucleation and Aitken modes accounted for between 80-90% of the measured N(TOTAL), and the particles in these modes were believed to be derived from SI and diesel engine emissions. The overall size distribution, particularly in modes II-IV, was observed to be strongly related to the number of primary particle emissions, with larger count median diameters observed under conditions where low numbers of primary soot based particles were present.

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“…Besides soot particles, the diesel exhaust features in some cases a second mode consisting of ultrafine particles (Kittelson 1998;Khalek et al 2003;Vogt et al 2003;Vaaraslahti et al 2004;Mathis et al 2004;Vaaraslahti et al 2005;Giechaskiel et al 2005;Rönkkö et al 2006). These particles are usually thought to be formed and grown during the dilution and cooling occurring in the exhaust after exiting the tailpipe (e.g., Zhang and Wexler 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Sulphur in Diesel Exhaust Aerosol: Models Compared with Measurements

Lemmetty

Rönkkö

Virtanen

et al. 2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A nodal aerosol dynamics model TUTEAM (Tampere University of Technology Exhaust Aerosol Model) was developed to study the number and mass evolution of exhaust particles in a dilution system. The model includes processes such as nucleation, condensation, coagulation, and wall losses and it takes into account the dilution and temperature cooling profiles. The model considers nucleation and soot modes separately. For soot particles the fractal structure was implemented in the model to take the density and size, which continuously vary due to condensation, into account accurately. The model was compared with a set of dynamometer measurements of a heavy-duty diesel vehicle with different lubricant oils and fuels, and with a sectional aerosol dynamics model AEROFOR. The trends of nucleation mode geometric median diameter and number concentration as a function of fuel and lubricant sulphur contents were reproduced well. Also the predicted particle composition was in agreement with the measurements of Schneider et al. (2005).

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Effect of organic compounds on nanoparticle formation in diluted diesel exhaust

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted from a dimethyl ether (DME) engine

Characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted from a dimethyl ether (DME) engine

Observations of urban airborne particle number concentrations during rush-hour conditions: analysis of the number based size distributions and modal parameters

The Effect of Sulphur in Diesel Exhaust Aerosol: Models Compared with Measurements

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