Effect of organic impurities on the morphology and crystallographic texture of zinc electrodeposits

Majuste, D.; Bubani, F.C.; Bolmaro, R.E.; Martins, E.L.C.; Cetlin, Paulo Roberto; Ciminelli, Virgínia S. T.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.02.013

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Also, the voltage (2.80-2.95) and energy consumption (2675-2799 kWh/t) increase with increasing concentration of additives (0-15ppm) [30]. In the presence of organic from 0 to 100 mg/L, the current efficiency decreased from 93 to 61% [31]. As discussed later in this paper, this organic caused significant reductions in the current efficiency of the electrowinning process, thereby increasing energy consumption.…”

Section: Zn Electrowinning Testmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Adsorption Capacity of Organic Compounds Using Activated Carbons in Zinc Electrowinning

Park

Kim

Park³

et al. 2019

Energies

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The influence of adsorbate (D2EPHA and kerosene) on the process of zinc electrowinning from sulfuric acid electrolytes was analyzed. The main objective was to critically compare three factors: (1) Three types of activated carbon (AC); (2) adsorption temperatures and contact time; and (3) zinc recovery efficiency. The results showed that organic components reduced the efficiency of zinc recovery. Moreover, wood-based ACs had a higher adsorption capacity than coal-and coconut-based ACs. To maintain a removal efficiency of 99% or more, wood-based ACs should constitute at least 60% of the adsorbate. The temperature of adsorption did not affect the removal efficiency. Additionally, the feeding rate of adsorbate in the solvent was inversely proportional to the removal efficiency. A feeding rate of the liquid pump of over 3 mL/min rapidly increased the delta pressure. For the same contact time, 99% of adsorbate removal occurred at 1 mL/min compared to approximately 97% at 0.5 mL/min. In the presence of 100 mg/L zinc, with increasing adsorbate from 0-5%, the recovery efficiency of zinc decreased from 100% to 0% and the energy consumption increased from 0.0017-0.003 kwh/kg zinc. Considering the energy consumption and zinc deposit mass, 0.1% of the adsorbate is recommended for zinc electrowinning.The presence of organophosphorus-based extractants decreases metal impurities, including the concentration of Zn [17]. Ivanov's research group focused on Zn impurities through the addition of inhibitors during electrowinning [18,19]. They reported that the addition of inhibitors to the electrolytes caused Zn re-dissolution. For this reason, it is necessary to explore effective methods for the efficient removal of organic components in sulfuric acid solvent components to improve the Zn electrowinning process. The adsorption of organic components from sulfuric acid by carbon has been studied for several decades and is becoming more widespread, due to large surfaces and strong adsorption [19][20][21][22]. Hydrophobic carbons are more effective adsorbents for trichloroethene (TCE) and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) than hydrophilic carbons because enhanced water adsorption on the latter interferes with the adsorption of micropollutants from solutions containing natural organic matter [22]. Among all types of carbon, activated carbon (AC) is generally considered to have a strong adsorption affinity for organic chemicals, due to their highly hydrophobic surfaces. With respect to pore structure, optimal AC should exhibit a large volume of micropores approximately 1.5 times the kinetic diameter of the target adsorbate [22].Therefore, in order to determine an efficient removal method of organic components in sulfuric acid solvent components, it is necessary to determine the uppermost limit of organic compounds that will not affect the Zn electrowinning efficiency. Therefore, this study has three principle objectives:(1) To compare the performance of three types of AC as an adsorbent; (2) to investigate the effects of adsorption tempera...

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Section: Zn Electrowinning Testmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…However, for 0.1-2% adsorbate, the electrode surface appeared to have grown very unevenly. The addition of the organics to the electrolyte changed the features of the metal deposit [31]. From the microscopy analysis, the addition of organics to the electrolyte leads to the formation of pore on the deposition surface.…”

Section: Zn Electrowinning Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Capacity of Organic Compounds Using Activated Carbons in Zinc Electrowinning

Park

Kim

Park³

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…5,7 Furthermore, a high quantity of tannin is consumed in the tannin precipitation process (56−80 mol of tannin per mol germanium, unrecyclable), resulting in a poor solution containing redundant tannin, thereby limiting the zinc electrowinning process. 8,9 The aforementioned problems were addressed in some studies, wherein researchers focused mainly on (1) overcoming the limitations of germanium leaching, (2) substituting tannin and including methods for reducing the tannin dosage, (3) promoting recovery or reuse of tannin, and (4) introducing a new germanium separation process to replace the tannin precipitation process. 10−13 According to these extant studies, the presence of insoluble germanium-containing phases (e. iron germanate, tetragonal germanium oxide, and germanium containing galena) is the primary reason for the low germanium leaching yield.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process has the advantages of simple operation and low equipment requirements. However, the leaching efficiencies (60–85%) and total recovery rates (60–70%) of germanium and zinc are not satisfactory. , Furthermore, a high quantity of tannin is consumed in the tannin precipitation process (56–80 mol of tannin per mol germanium, unrecyclable), resulting in a poor solution containing redundant tannin, thereby limiting the zinc electrowinning process. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Germanium via H₂SO₄/MnO₂ Leaching–NaAc Leaching/Na₂CO₃ Precipitation–Tri(octyl-decyl) Amine Stepwise Solvent Extraction

Jiang

Zhang

Liu

2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Zinc and germanium are typically recovered by sulfuric acid leaching−tannin precipitation from germaniumbearing secondary zinc oxide (SZO). However, low recovery rate of Ge and large consumption of tannin are the obvious limitations. Herein, we propose a novel recovery process involving three main steps: (1) SZO is leached by H 2 SO 4 solution (pH 2.0 ± 0.5), and MnO 2 oxidation leaching is conducted for the residue (H 2 SO 4 : 10−40 g/L); (2) the oxidation leaching residue is treated with NaAc solution and, subsequently, Na 2 CO 3 (or CO 2 ) to precipitate lead and obtain PbCO 3 ; the resulting solution is reused for the leaching process (step 2); (3) a tri(octyl-decyl) amine(N235)/ tributyl phosphate/sulfonated kerosene system (no preacidification) is used to recover germanium from the oxidation leachate; the loaded organic phase is employed as an extractant to recover germanium from the leachate obtained in step 1. The raffinate could be sent to a zinc plant, and the loaded organic phase could be reused after stripping and washing. Up to 98% zinc and germanium leaching efficiencies, 98% germanium extraction efficiency, >90% lead recovery, and 97.87% purity PbCO 3 product were achieved. Therefore, a relatively sustainable treatment involving closed-circuit circulation of leaching agents and extractants for SZO was proposed.

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“…Upon plating, the in uences of external factors often promote the preferred orientation of Zn grains along a speci c crystal plane, thus leading to a speci c morphological "texture" [21][22][23] . The morphology and texture of Zn deposits have been proved to be closely related to additives 22,[24][25][26] , initial substrate composition and texture 5,27,28 , and applied external elds 19,29 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Horizontally Arranged Zinc Platelet Electrodeposits Modulated by Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework Film for High-Rate and Durable Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

Guo

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RZIBs) provide a promising complementarity to the existing lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost, non-toxicity and intrinsic safety. However, Zn anodes suffer from zinc dendrite growth and continuous unfavorable side reactions, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and severe capacity decay. Here, we develop an ultrathin, fluorinated two-dimensional porous covalent organic framework (FCOF) film as a protective layer on the Zn surface to address these issues. The strong interaction between fluorine (F) in FCOF and Zn reduces the surface energy of the Zn (002) crystal plane and regulates planar growth of zinc anode materials. As a result, Zn deposits underneath FCOF films show parallel platelet morphology with (002) planar orientations preferred. Furthermore, F-containing nanochannels facilitate the de-solvation of hydrated Zn ions and prevent electrolyte penetration, thus retarding corrosion of Zn. Such unique FCOF films prolonged the Zn symmetric cell lifespan to over 1700 h, which is 13 times longer than the cells without protection (125 h). The assembled full cells demonstrate a cycle life of over 250 cycles at 3 mAcm-2 under practical conditions, including lean electrolyte (12 μLmAh-1), limited Zn excess (only 1×excess), and a high mass loading of MnO2 cathode (16 mgcm-2). This work provides a new perspective for the realization of planar deposition of zinc metal anodes for developing high performance Zn-based batteries.

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Effect of organic impurities on the morphology and crystallographic texture of zinc electrodeposits

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Adsorption Capacity of Organic Compounds Using Activated Carbons in Zinc Electrowinning

Adsorption Capacity of Organic Compounds Using Activated Carbons in Zinc Electrowinning

Recovery of Germanium via H₂SO₄/MnO₂ Leaching–NaAc Leaching/Na₂CO₃ Precipitation–Tri(octyl-decyl) Amine Stepwise Solvent Extraction

Horizontally Arranged Zinc Platelet Electrodeposits Modulated by Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework Film for High-Rate and Durable Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

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Effect of organic impurities on the morphology and crystallographic texture of zinc electrodeposits

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Adsorption Capacity of Organic Compounds Using Activated Carbons in Zinc Electrowinning

Adsorption Capacity of Organic Compounds Using Activated Carbons in Zinc Electrowinning

Recovery of Germanium via H2SO4/MnO2 Leaching–NaAc Leaching/Na2CO3 Precipitation–Tri(octyl-decyl) Amine Stepwise Solvent Extraction

Horizontally Arranged Zinc Platelet Electrodeposits Modulated by Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework Film for High-Rate and Durable Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Recovery of Germanium via H₂SO₄/MnO₂ Leaching–NaAc Leaching/Na₂CO₃ Precipitation–Tri(octyl-decyl) Amine Stepwise Solvent Extraction