Effect of organic loading rate on the stability, operational parameters and performance of a secondary upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating piggery waste

Sánchez, E.; Borja, R.; Travieso, L.; Martín, A.; Colmenarejo, M.F.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.04.003

Cited by 133 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…From both the waste treatment and resource recovery perspectives, it is important to examine some of the important factors that govern the anaerobic bioconversion process. These include organic loading rate, biomass yield, substrate utilization rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solids retention time (SRT), start-up time, microbiology, environmental factors, and reactor configuration (Khanal 2008;Kim et al 2006;Demirel and Yenigun 2004;Fang and Yu 2000;Sanchez et al 2000;El-Mashad et al 2004;Bouallagui et al 2004;Sanchez et al 2005;Torkian et al 2003;Raposo et al 2006). Anaerobic processes are characterized by high volumetric organic loading rates (VOLRs) and high-rate anaerobic reactors such as the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), anaerobic filter, and fluidized bed reactors are capable of treating wastewater at VOLR of 10-45 kg COD m -3 day -1…”

Section: Process Considerations In Anaerobic Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heavy metals as stress factors on anaerobic digestion processes and biogas production from biomass

Mudhoo

Kumar

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

237

100

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Heavy metals affect the biochemical reactions that take place during anaerobic digestion processes of organic matter. In this review, the different effects observed in anaerobic digestion processes and during the production of biomethane and biohydrogen from several substrates contaminated with and/or inheriting heavy metals from the substrates themselves were discussed. It has been found that heavy metals exert important roles in biochemical reactions. Heavy metals like copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium and lead have been overwhelmingly reported to be inhibitory and under certain conditions toxic in biochemical reactions depending on their concentrations. Heavy metals like iron may also exhibit stimulatory effects, but these effects have been scantily observed. This review also concludes that the severity of heavy metal inhibition depends upon factors like metal concentration in a soluble, ionic form in the solution, type of metal species, and amount and distribution of biomass in the digester or chain of biochemical reactions which constitute the anaerobic digestion process. A majority of studies have demonstrated that the toxic effect of heavy metals like chromium, cadmium and nickel is attributable to a disruption of enzyme function and structure by binding of the metal ions with thiol and other groups on protein molecules or by replacing naturally occurring metals in enzyme prosthetic groups. This review has not found published data on the effects of heavy metals on the hydrolysis stage of anaerobic digestion process chemistry, and hence further studies are required to depict any changes.

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Section: Process Considerations In Anaerobic Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heavy metals as stress factors on anaerobic digestion processes and biogas production from biomass

Mudhoo

Kumar

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

237

100

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“…Furthermore, high-energetic substrates raise the danger of overloading. Several models and reactor configurations have been developed in recent years which make it possible to predict real process response to specific operation conditions [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. For example, a simple model has been developed to describe the relation between the hydraulic retention time and methane yield in the digestion of animal waste [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic study of biogas production from energy crops and animal waste slurry: Effect of organic loading rate and reactor size

Mähnert

Linke

2009

Environmental Technology

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To cite this article: P. Mähnert & B. Linke (2009) Biogas production in agriculture is processed mostly continuously at mesophilic temperatures in completely stirred tank reactors. Therefore, reactor performance data were studied in long-term semi-continuous laboratory-scale experiments with maize silage, whole-crop rye silage and fodder beet silage as mono-substrate and cattle slurry at mesophilic temperatures. For calculation of biogas yield as function of the organic loading rate, a hyperbolic equation was developed on the base of a first-order reaction rate for substrate degradation. The biogas yield depends also on the maximum biogas yield, the concentration of volatile solids of the input, the density of the effluent, the density of the biogas and the reaction rate constant, which are all substrate-or process-specific. Values of the theoretical maximum biogas yield and the reaction rate constant were observed in the range 0.61-0.93 m 3 per kg volatile solids and 0.032 -0.316 d − 1 , respectively. By means of the hyperbolic equation, the proportion of the biogas yield from the maximum can be calculated for the first and a second reactor which also depends on the volume of each reactor. Keywords: biogas yield; modelling; organic loading rate IntroductionSince the amendment of the Renewable Energy Sources Act in Germany (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz) the utilization of energy crops for biogas production has become more cost-effective. The treatment of animal waste slurry and energy crops in co-digestion is a proven technology and recently interest has grown in the potential of using anaerobic processes [1,2]. With respect to energy crops as a single substrate in mono-digestion pioneer work was performed with sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ), napiergrass ( Pennisetum purpureum ), corn ( Zea mays ), and sorghum/alpha-cellulose in mix experiments about 15 years ago [3]. Further laboratory-, pilotand farm-scale experiments were conducted to obtain kinetic data for anaerobic digestion of energy crops and crop residues [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Numerous full-scale biogas plants are in operation and digest mainly maize silage, whole crop cereal silage and mixtures of other energy crops.The financial success of a biogas plant results from the quality and the biogas yield of the applied substrate and the process engineering. However, agricultural biogas plants in practice are mostly processed intuitively because the measurement engineering is not improved adequately. Additionally, for energy crops the experience is difficult to generalize because of the great diversity of substrates. Furthermore, high-energetic

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“…Os microrganismos que atuam na ausência de oxigênio atacam a estrutura de materiais orgânicos complexos, produzindo compostos simples como o metano (CH 4 ) e o dióxido de carbono (CO 2 ) (SANCHEZ et al, 2005). A Figura 1 descreve a decomposição anaeróbia de compostos orgânicos; é apresentada como um processo de sete passos.…”

Section: Biogásunclassified

O Uso de Biodigestores em Pequenas e Médias Propriedades Rurais com Ênfase na Agregação de Valor: Um Estudo de Caso na Região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2015

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RESUMO:A partir da vigência do Protocolo de Kyoto houve um interesse renovado pela tecnologia dos biodigestores. Como eles permitem uma redução na emissão de gases do efeito estufa, em relação a outros métodos de tratamento de dejetos, a sua implantação pode permitir a comercialização de créditos de carbono, resultando em valores monetários. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo de disseminação desta tecnologia na Microrregião de Santa Rosa, situada na Mesorregião do Noroeste riograndense, impulsionada, especialmente, por empresas privadas. O presente estudo revelou que 33,33% dos equipamentos instalados encontram-se desativados. Estudou-se o perfil das propriedades que possuem estes equipamentos instalados, além de uma análise das possíveis dificuldades encontradas pelos proprietários rurais, no sentido de implantação e utilização dessa tecnologia, verificando-se a contribuição dos biodigestores, referente à questão energética e minimização da poluição do meio ambiente nessas áreas. Através da revisão da literatura existente e aplicação de questionários, foram levantadas diversas informações acerca da instalação de biodigestores, observando se contribuem como alternativa de agregação de valor às propriedades criadoras e como alternativa viável para a solução dos problemas ambientais envolvidos no processo.

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Effect of organic loading rate on the stability, operational parameters and performance of a secondary upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating piggery waste

Cited by 133 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of heavy metals as stress factors on anaerobic digestion processes and biogas production from biomass

Effects of heavy metals as stress factors on anaerobic digestion processes and biogas production from biomass

Kinetic study of biogas production from energy crops and animal waste slurry: Effect of organic loading rate and reactor size

O Uso de Biodigestores em Pequenas e Médias Propriedades Rurais com Ênfase na Agregação de Valor: Um Estudo de Caso na Região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul

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