Effect of Organic Pest Management Practices on Apple Productivity and Apple Food Safety

Friedrich, Heather; Delate, Kathleen; Domoto, Paul A.; Nonnecke, Gail R.; Wilson, Lester A.

doi:10.1080/01448765.2003.9755246

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Other advantages of kaolin particle film include the fact that pests are unlikely to develop resistance to it,5 it has no phytotoxic effects, it lasts longer than most insecticides on the plants when it does not rain or there is no excessive dew formation37 and it is non‐toxic to humans and relatively safe to natural enemies 38, 39. Additionally, it is washable and forms a suspension in water, it can be easily applied using conventional spray equipment and it may eventually reduce the number of applications of conventional insecticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellency of a kaolin particle film to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), on tomato under laboratory and field conditions

Peng

Trumble

Munyaneza³

et al. 2011

Pest Management Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellency of a kaolin particle film to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), on tomato under laboratory and field conditions

Peng

Trumble

Munyaneza³

et al. 2011

Pest Management Science

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“…Codling moth is most often managed with a multiprong approach: mating disruption, which involves the dispersion of a pheromone from strips hung in trees to confuse the mating pattern of male moths, and applying other organically acceptable spray treatments (Suckling et al, 1994). Organic-compliant sprays include kaolin clay products (Friedrich et al, 2003;Garcia et al, 2004). Mating disruption pheromone technology is considered an essential component of codling moth management in organic apple orchards (Swezey et al, 2000;Walker, 2006) and involves the placement of pheromone dispensers, such as Isomate (Pacific Biocontrol Corp., Vancouver, WA) throughout the orchard at rates of 1000 dispensers/ha or more, depending on generation numbers of codling moth normally encountered in a season and orchard location.…”

Section: Insect and Disease Management In Organic Fruit Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Apple Systems: Constraints and Opportunities for Producers in Local and Global Markets: Introduction to the Colloquium

Delate¹,

McKern²,

Turnbull³

et al. 2008

horts

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The global market for total organic product sales was $20 billion in 2005, continuing an annual growth rate of 20% to 35%. In the United States, there were 937,000 ha of certified organic land in 2003 with 5626 ha of organic apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. Increases in organic fruit production have been associated with improved pest management methods, the use of disease-resistant cultivars, and organic-focused marketing schemes. Often constrained by lower apple yields and smaller fruit size compared with conventional counterparts, key challenges for organic growers include regulation of nutrient cycling processes to maintain crop yields while minimizing the need for external inputs. In local or regional organic markets, disease-resistant apple cultivars, such as ‘Enterprise’, ‘Liberty’, ‘Redfree’, and ‘Gold Rush’, have gained increased acceptance, whereas exporting countries have continued their use of cultivars susceptible to scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke)]. Integrated insect pest management approaches, including the use of kaolin clay, codling moth granulosis virus, and spinosad-based insecticides, have been successfully developed to comply with export standards and quarantines, and to meet market demand. Key pests, such as codling moth [Cydia pomonella (L.)], have been managed at damage levels less than 5% using these approaches. Future pest management strategies in organic apple production will focus on development of scab-resistant cultivars with enhanced storage capability and reduction in inputs associated with negative environmental and health effects.

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“…43(1) FEBRUARY 2008 (U.S. Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service, 2003), marketing outlets for organic produce include on-farm stores, local and regional farmers' markets, and health food-focused shops. Beginning in 1999, kaolin clay formulations that repel and irritate insect pests (Glenn et al, 1999) became increasingly important insecticides in organic apple orchards (Delate and Friedrich, 2004;Friedrich et al, 2003;Garcia et al, 2004). Surround WP (Engelhard Corp., Iselin, NJ) has been the most widely used formulation of this white-clay particle film.…”

Section: Organic Apple Production In the Midwestern United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insect recognition of host plants may also be deterred by this product, because plant hosts are ''masked'' by kaolin particle film. Surround kaolin clay has provided putative management of codling moth and other lepidopteran and coleopteran fruit pests in apple systems (Dufour, 2001;Friedrich et al, 2003;Knight et al, 2000;Puterka et al, 2000;Unruh et al, 2000), with reports of increased photosynthetic rate and fruit yield from kaolin applications (Glenn et al, 2003).…”

Section: Organic Apple Production In the Midwestern United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Apple Production in Two Humid Regions: Comparing Progress in Pest Management Strategies in Iowa and New Zealand

Delate¹,

McKern²,

Turnbull³

et al. 2008

horts

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By 2003, organic apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] production had increased to 5626 ha in the United States and to 2964 ha in New Zealand by 2002. Common problems facing organic apple growers in the humid regions of New Zealand and the United States include effective management strategies for apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke)] and insect pests. Experiments conducted in Iowa in 2003–2004 demonstrated the effectiveness of a kaolin clay- and spinosad-based insecticide program in maintaining codling moth [Cydia pomonella (L.)] damage levels to less than 5% in the scab-resistant cultivars Enterprise, Liberty, Redfree, and Gold Rush. Similar pest management systems have been developed in New Zealand to comply with export standards and quarantines. The use of codling moth granulosis virus and a spinosad-based insecticide have led to reduced pest pressure and to an increase in organic exports with a 41% premium price over conventional apples. However, an association between spinosad use and woolly apple aphid [Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann)] population increase was observed in organic orchard surveys in 2006. An alternative to spinosad applications, insect disinfestation through controlled atmosphere (CA) treatment, was investigated to control quarantined pests and to extend the storage potential of scab-resistant cultivars. A CA treatment of 9 weeks of 2% O2 and 2% CO2 at 0.5 °C was determined to maintain firmness ratings to export standards in CA-stored, scab-resistant ‘Pinkie’ apples and to decrease internal ethylene concentration by 84% compared with apples stored in air. In addition, new scab-resistant cultivars with ‘Pinkie’ background under development in New Zealand show promise for organic production in humid regions. Few fruit quality differences were determined between ‘Pinkie’ fruits from integrated fruit production and organic production systems, although premium prices exist only for certified organic apples.

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Effect of Organic Pest Management Practices on Apple Productivity and Apple Food Safety

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Repellency of a kaolin particle film to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), on tomato under laboratory and field conditions

Repellency of a kaolin particle film to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), on tomato under laboratory and field conditions

Organic Apple Systems: Constraints and Opportunities for Producers in Local and Global Markets: Introduction to the Colloquium

Organic Apple Production in Two Humid Regions: Comparing Progress in Pest Management Strategies in Iowa and New Zealand

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