Effect of Orientation on Plasmonic Coupling between Gold Nanorods

Tabor, Christopher E.; Haute, Desiree Van; El‐Sayed, Mostafa A.

doi:10.1021/nn900779f

Cited by 184 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This interesting scaling behavior, which was found to be valid for various particle shape and size [36][37][38][39][40], provides us a simple and convenient method for the study and application of the plasmon coupling effect. Nonetheless, the accuracy of Plasmon…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Interactions of Nanorod Particles in the Strong Coupling Regime

2010

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The plasmon coupling in a nanorod dimer obeys the exponential size dependence according to the Universal Plasmon Ruler Equation. However, it was shown recently that such a model does not hold at short nanorod distance (Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1651).Here we study the nanorod coupling in various cases, including nanorod dimer with the asymmetrical lengths and symmetrical dimer with the varying gap width. The asymmetrical nanorod dimer causes two plasmon modes: one is the attractive lowerenergy mode and the other the repulsive high-energy mode. Using a simple coupled LC-resonator model, the position of dimer resonance has been determined analytically.Moreover, we found that the plasmon coupling of symmetrical cylindrical (or rectangular) nanorod dimer is governed uniquely by gap width scaled for the (effective) rod radius rather than for the rod length. A new Plasmon Ruler Equation without using the fitting parameters has been proposed, which agrees well with the FDTD calculations. The method has also been extended to study the plasmonic wave-guiding in a linear chain of gold nanorod particles. A field decay length up to 2700nm with the lateral mode size about 50nm (~/28 λ ) has been suggested. *

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…It has been suggested that, instead of the cubic size decay predicted by the simple point-dipole model, the size scaling of this plasmon coupling can be well described with a universal exponential distance dependence (or Plasmon Ruler Equation) [29,[36][37][38][39][40] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Nanorod Particles in the Strong Coupling Regime

2010

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“…Full numerical studies based on the solution of the classical Maxwell's equations have been performed [24,50,[58][59][60][61][62], as well as semi-analytical studies based on transformation optics are available [43,44,63]. The system has also been investigated using non-local hydrodynamic descriptions [35,[43][44][45][46], and recently the full quantum studies using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) have been reported [35][36][37].…”

Section: Model and Computational Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum effects and nonlocality in strongly coupled plasmonic nanowire dimers

et al. 2013

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Abstract:Using a fully quantum mechanical approach we study the optical response of a strongly coupled metallic nanowire dimer for variable separation widths of the junction between the nanowires. The translational invariance of the system allows to apply the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for nanowires of diameters up to 10 nm which is the largest size considered so far in quantum modeling of plasmonic dimers. By performing a detailed analysis of the optical extinction, induced charge densities, and near fields, we reveal the major nonlocal quantum effects determining the plasmonic modes and field enhancement in the system. These effects consist mainly of electron tunneling between the nanowires at small junction widths and dynamical screening. The TDDFT results are compared with results from classical electromagnetic calculations based on the local Drude and non-local hydrodynamic descriptions of the nanowire permittivity, as well as with results from a recently developed quantum corrected model. The latter provides a way to include quantum mechanical effects such as electron tunneling in standard classical electromagnetic simulations. We show that the TDDFT results can be thus retrieved semi-quantitatively within a classical framework. We also discuss the shortcomings of classical non-local hydrodynamic approaches. Finally, the implications of the actual position of the screening charge density at the gap interfaces are discussed in connection with plasmon ruler applications at subnanometric distances. References and links 1. L. Kelly, E. Coronado, L. L. Zhao, and G. C. Schatz, "The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: the influence of size, shape and dielectric environment," J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 668-667 (2003 B 48, 18178-18188 (1993). 68. P. Apell, and D. R. Penn, "Optical properties of small metal spheres: surface effects," Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1316Lett. 50, -1319Lett. 50, (1983. 69. J.-H. Klein-Wiele, P. Simon, and H.-G. Rubahn, "Size-Dependent Plasmon lifetimes and electron-phonon coupling time constants for surface bound Na clusters," Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 45-48 (1998 B 52, 14219-14234 (1995). 81. L. Serra, and A. Rubio, "Core polarization in the optical response of metal clusters: generalized time-dependent density-functional theory," Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1428Lett. 78, -1431Lett. 78, (1997. 82. E. Prodan, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, "Electronic structure and optical properties of Gold nanoshells," Nano Lett. 3, 1411Lett. 3, -1415Lett. 3, (2003. 83. E. Prodan, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas, "Effects of dielectric screening on the optical properties of metallic nanoshells," Chem. Phys. Lett. 368, 94-101 (2003). 84. K.-D. Tsuei, E. W. Plummer, A. Liebsch, K. Kempa, and P. Bakshi, "Multipole plasmon modes at a metal surface," Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 44-47 (1990). 85. A. J. Bennett, "Influence of the electron charge distribution on surface-plasmon dispersion," Phys. 80, 5105-5108 (1998). 88. S. Berciaud, L. Cognet, P. Tamarat, and B. Lounis, "Observation of intrinsic si...

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“…Characterization and well-defined excitation of such eigenmodes is important in order to achieve welldefined functionality in devices [2,3] and to successfully apply techniques of coherent control [4][5][6][7]. Nanoantennas consisting of two strongly coupled particles can serve as a model system to study the impact of mode selectivity [6,8,9]. Upon illumination nanoantennas confine and enhance optical fields [10,11] and can therefore be used to tailor the interaction of light with nanomatter [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Imaging and Selection in Strongly Coupled Nanoantennas

et al. 2010

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The number of eigenmodes in plasmonic nanostructures increases with complexity due to mode hybridization, raising the need for efficient mode characterization and selection. Here we experimentally demonstrate direct imaging and selective excitation of the "bonding" and "antibonding" plasmon mode in symmetric dipole nanoantennas using confocal two-photon photoluminescence mapping. Excitation of a high-qualityfactor antibonding resonance manifests itself as a two-lobed pattern instead of the single spot observed for the broad "bonding" resonance, in accordance with numerical simulations. The two-lobed pattern is observed due to the fact that excitation of the antibonding mode is forbidden for symmetric excitation at the feedgap, while concomitantly the mode energy splitting is large enough to suppress excitation of the "bonding" mode. The controlled excitation of modes in strongly coupled plasmonic nanostructures is mandatory for efficient sensors, in coherent control as well as for implementing well-defined functionalities in complex plasmonic devices. IntroductionPlasmonic nanostructures consisting of particular arrangements of closely spaced resonant particles are of great interest since they offer a variety of eigenmodes that evolve due to mode hybridization [1]. Characterization and well-defined excitation of such eigenmodes is important in order to achieve welldefined functionality in devices [2,3] and to successfully apply techniques of coherent control [4][5][6][7]. Nanoantennas consisting of two strongly coupled particles can serve as a model system to study the impact of mode selectivity [6,8,9]. Upon illumination nanoantennas confine and enhance optical fields [10,11] and can therefore be used to tailor the interaction of light with nanomatter [12]. Various applications of nanoantennas have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated, including enhanced single-emitter fluorescence [13][14][15], enhanced Raman scattering [16,17], near-field polarization engineering [18][19][20], high-harmonic generation [21,22], as well as applications in integrated optical nanocircuitry [23,24]. The longitudinal resonances of a symmetric dipole antenna can be understood in terms of hybridization of the longitudinal resonances of individual antenna arms, caused by the coupling over the narrow feedgap [25,26]. Such coupling causes a mode splitting into a lower-energy "bonding" mode and a higher-energy "antibonding" mode, respectively (Fig. 1). Limited by the uncertainty of conventional nanofabrication, it is often difficult to fabricate antenna arrays with a reproducible gap size below 20 nm, which is necessary to achieve significant energy splitting between the bonding and the antibonding mode. As a result, the existence of the antibonding antenna resonance has hardly been considered, although it may offer interesting opportunities, such as impedance tunability, a high quality factor due to its weakly radiative nature, the launching of propagating plasmon modes with increased propagation lengths [27] and spatial select...

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Effect of Orientation on Plasmonic Coupling between Gold Nanorods

Cited by 184 publications

References 44 publications

Interactions of Nanorod Particles in the Strong Coupling Regime

Interactions of Nanorod Particles in the Strong Coupling Regime

Quantum effects and nonlocality in strongly coupled plasmonic nanowire dimers

Mode Imaging and Selection in Strongly Coupled Nanoantennas

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