Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues

Abstract

Reduced periodontal support is a challenge that clinicians often face during rehabilitation of compromised dentition. The close and intricate relationship between the periodontal tissues and the processes of tooth movement suggest that adjunct orthodontic therapy may play an important role in overcoming these problems. On the other hand, excessive movement of teeth beyond the anatomic boundaries of the alveolar process is commonly believed to contribute to further destruction of the periodontal tissues. This review evaluates the clinical effects of various orthodontic tooth movements on the surrounding periodontal soft tissues and alveolar bone. Another objective was to identify possible patient and treatment-related factors that may influence the response of periodontal tissue to specific orthodontic treatments. Particular emphasis is placed on specific tooth movements, such as extrusion, intrusion, space closure and arch expansion. Limitations of current research are also highlighted and discussed.

Impact of Fixed Orthodontic Appliance and Clear Aligners on the Periodontal Health: A Prospective Clinical Study

“…Interestingly, in the current study, changes of REC were observed only in the FG groups. One possible explanation was the higher degree of dental expansion due to the fixed orthodontic treatment related to the standard arch-form of the wire [19].…”

“…For example, a recall interval every 3 months for all patients after periodontal therapy is weak [18]. Finally, individualized education, and clinical and motivational strategies should be adopted to raise the awareness of the importance of brushing teeth regularly to maintain a healthy condition for teeth and gingiva, which is crucial for orthodontic patients [8,19].…”

Compressive force‐induced autophagy in periodontal ligament cells downregulates osteoclastogenesis during tooth movement

“…In general, orthodontic treatment has a positive effect on the supporting tissues . However, it could cause harmful periodontal response including loss of alveolar bone and soft‐tissue architecture, which may pose considerable challenges to oral rehabilitation …”

Therapeutic alternatives for addressing pink esthetic complications in single‐tooth implants: A proposal for a clinical decision tree

“…When the esthetic complication involves deficiencies of the papilla of the teeth adjacent to the implant, it may be worth considering a combination of the reconstructive therapies with orthodontic extrusion (OE) of the affected adjacent tooth . Provided there are favorable periodontal conditions of the extruded tooth, this coronal tooth movement should be accompanied by the coronal displacement of the interproximal bone peak . The coronal movement of teeth has been used to reduce pocket depth and change the architecture of both hard and soft tissues of the periodontium .…”

“…50 Provided there are favorable periodontal conditions of the extruded tooth, this coronal tooth movement should be accompanied by the coronal displacement of the interproximal bone peak. 51 The coronal movement of teeth has been used to reduce pocket depth and change the architecture of both hard and soft tissues of the periodontium. 52 Such coronal repositioning of the bony ridge is very important for the nutrition of bone grafts and/or soft tissue; so, whenever possible, orthodontic traction must precede reconstructive procedures.…”