“…The definition of OI is "direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of an artificial implant" (Brånemark, Brånemark, Rydevik, & Myers, 2001). The environmental factors include loading conditions, host bone properties, interface distance, the concentration of local osteoblast and osteoclast, and systemic illness (diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and smoking) (Annibali, Pranno, Cristalli, la Monaca, & Polimeni, 2016;Li, He, Hua, & Hu, 2017;Shibamoto et al, 2018). It is demonstrated that the OI process can be influenced by a variety of factors, which might be generally divided into two aspects: the environment of the bone-implant interface and the design of the implant itself.…”