Effect of Ottoman Viper (Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849)) Venom on Various Cancer Cells and on Microorganisms

Abstract

Cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of Montivipera xanthina venom against LNCaP, MCF-7, HT-29, Saos-2, Hep3B, Vero cells and antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal species: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157H7, Enterococcus faecalis 29212, Enterococcus faecium DSM 13590, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, S. typhimirium CCM 5445, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6957 and Candida albicans ATCC 10239 were studied for evaluating the potential medical benefit of this snake venom. Cytotoxicity of venom was determined using MTT assay. Snake venom cytotoxicity was expressed as the venom dose that killed 50 % of the cells (IC50). The antimicrobial activity of venom was studied by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. MIC was determined using broth dilution method. The estimated IC50 values of venom varied from 3.8 to 12.7 or from 1.9 to 7.2 μg/ml after treatment with crude venom for 24 or 48 h for LNCaP, MCF-7, HT-29 and Saos-2 cells. There was no observable cytotoxic effect on Hep3B and Vero cells. Venom exhibited the most potent activity against C. albicans (MIC, 7.8 μg/ml and minimal fungicidal concentration, 62.5 μg/ml) and S. aureus (MIC, 31.25 μg/ml). This study is the first report showing the potential of M. xanthina venom as an alternative therapeutic approach due to its cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects.

In Vitro Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Activities of Anatolian Macrovipera Lebetina Obtusa (Dwigubski, 1832) Crude Venom on Cultured K562 Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells.

“…Therefore, it was suggested to use different methods in combination to assess cytotoxicity. 31 Selective cytotoxic effect of Anatolian M. lebetina obtusa against various cancer cell lines (not including leukemia) has been reported previously 26 and shown to be po- 26,30 Therefore, the cytotoxic potency of the venom on various cancer cell lines should be determined by an initial screening study. It has been reported that crude venom of M. lebetina (subspecies could be assigned as M. lebetina turanica, according the origin of the samples stated in the paper) inhibited the viability of K562 cells about 10% after treating with 50 µg/mL of venom for 72 h. 19 According to our results, M. l. obtusa venom was more potent on K562 cells, compared to M. l. turanica venom.…”

“…14,20,26,30,34 These studies resulted in the description of venom proteins possessing in vitro and/or in vivo anticancer activity, including disintegrin, metalloproteinase, CLP, PLA 2 , and LAAO. Anticancer properties of snake venom proteins and their therapeutic potential have been reviewed recently by various authors.…”

“…24,25 Recently, snake venom studies aiming to make biological and proteomic characterization have been done. 8,[26][27][28][29][30] This study aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity of crude venom extracted from Anatolian M. l. obtusa against K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cancer cell line.…”

Screening of cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity potential of AnatolianMacrovipera lebetina obtusa(Ophidia: Viperidae) crude venom

“…Recent studies on the biological and proteomic characterization of various viper venoms in Turkey have been carried out (Igci & Demiralp 2012;Nalbantsoy et al 2012Nalbantsoy et al , 2013Topyıldız & Hayretdag 2012;Yalcin et al 2014). As a contribution to the authors' ongoing studies on Turkish venomous snakes, the aim of this study was to screen the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Anatolian M. l. obtusa crude venom on various cancer cells and microorganisms, to assess its potential as a source of bioactive peptides/proteins which may have therapeutic value.…”

Age-dependent variations in the venom proteins of Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky, 1909 and Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ophidia: Viperidae)

“…Recently, studies on biological and proteomic characterization of various viper venoms have been done in Turkey (Igci and Demiralp, 2012;Nalbantsoy et al, 2013;Yalcin et al, 2013).…”