Effect of ovarian sex steroids on osmoregulation and vasopressin secretion in the rat

Barron, William M.; Schreiber, James R.; Lindheimer, M. D.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.4.e352

Cited by 64 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…(33), rat (25), and human SON (19)(20)(21). Moreover, osmotic stimulation of vasopressinergic neuronal activity is upregulated by estrogen in the SON of brain slices of ovariectomized rats (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen effects on osmotic regulation of AVP and fluid balance

Stachenfeld

Keefe

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Stachenfeld, Nina S., and David L. Keefe. Estrogen effects on osmotic regulation of AVP and fluid balance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E711-E721, 2002; 10.1152/ ajpendo.00192.2002To determine estrogen effects on osmotic regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and body fluids, we suppressed endogenous estrogen and progesterone using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog leuprolide acetate (GnRHa). Subjects were assigned to one of two groups: 1) GnRHa alone, then GnRHa ϩ estrogen (E, n ϭ 9, 25 Ϯ 1 yr); 2) GnRHa alone, then GnRHa ϩ estrogen with progesterone (E/P, n ϭ 6, 26 Ϯ 3). During GnRHa alone and with hormone treatment, we compared AVP and body fluid regulatory responses to 3% NaCl infusion (HSI, 120 min, 0.1 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ kg body wt Ϫ1 ), drinking (30 min, 15 ml/kg body wt), and recovery (60 min of seated rest). Plasma [E2] increased from 23.9 to 275.3 pg/ml with hormone treatments. Plasma [P4] increased from 0.6 to 5.7 ng/ml during E/P and was unchanged (0.4 to 0.6 ng/ml) during E. Compared with GnRHa alone, E reduced osmotic AVP release threshold (275 Ϯ 4 to 271 Ϯ 4 mosmol/kg, P Ͻ 0.05), and E/P reduced the AVP increase in response during HSI (6.0 Ϯ 1.3 to 4.2 Ϯ 0.6 pg/ml at the end of HSI), but free water clearance was unaffected in either group. Relative to GnRHa, pre-HSI plasma renin activity (PRA) was greater during E (0.8 Ϯ 0.1 vs. 1.2 Ϯ 0.2 ng ANG I ⅐ ml Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 ) but not after HSI or recovery. PRA was greater than GnRHa during E/P at baseline (1.1 Ϯ 0.2 vs. 2.5 Ϯ 0.6) and after HSI (0.6 Ϯ 0.1 vs. 1.1 Ϯ 1.1) and recovery (0.5 Ϯ 0.1 vs. 1.3 Ϯ 0.2 ng ANG I ⅐ ml Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 ). Baseline fractional excretion of sodium was unaffected by E or E/P but was attenuated by the end of recovery for both E (3.3 Ϯ 0.6 vs. 2.4 Ϯ 0.4%) and E/P (2.8 Ϯ 0.4 vs 1.7 Ϯ 0.4%, GnRHa alone and with hormone treatment, respectively). Fluid retention increased with both hormone treatments. Renal sensitivity to AVP may be lower during E due to intrarenal effects on water and sodium excretion. E/P increased sodium retention and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone stimulation. body fluid regulation; arginine vasopressin; osmolality; thirst; gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist; luprolide acetate CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE-RELATED morbidity and mortality are lower in women than in men throughout middle age (8,22), and this risk "advantage" is often attributed to estrogen. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) may be another key hormone involved in these gender differences. AVP is an important hormone involved in fluid balance and blood pressure regulation. AVP is synthesized in the cell bodies of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, located in the anterior hypothalamus. Axons from these areas project into the posterior pituitary, where AVP is stored and released in response to stimulation of central osmoreceptors.Estrogen receptors are present in the PVN and SON of both animals (17, 33) and humans (19), and a number of studies have demonstrated sex differences in AVP neuron size in these nuclei (20,21).Resting pla...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen effects on osmotic regulation of AVP and fluid balance

Stachenfeld

Keefe

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…On day 2 at 10:00 A.M., each rat of the estradiol-treated group received one pellet of progesterone (Innovative Research of America; 50 mg /pellet, 21 d release, s.c.), and each rat of the placebo group received a second placebo pellet. The selected dose for 17␤-estradiol and progesterone results in serum hormone levels within the physiological range (Butcher et al, 1974;Barron et al, 1986;Arbogast and Voogt, 1993;Brann et al, 1993;Michels et al, 1993). All pellets were implanted under ketamine anesthesia (150 mg / kg ketamine-HC l and 15 mg / kg azepromazine maleate, i.p.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin II AT_1AReceptor mRNA Expression Is Induced by Estrogen–Progesterone in Dopaminergic Neurons of the Female Rat Arcuate Nucleus

Jöhren¹,

Sanvitto²,

Egidy³

et al. 1997

J. Neurosci.

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“…Estrogens readily cross the blood-brain barrier and gain access to the hypothalamic nuclei that control AVP synthesis and release. 27,[31][32][33] The impact of estrogens could be mediated by either ER-a or ER-b as both are expressed in hypothalamic-pituitary system. Estrogen receptor-a is expressed in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, the subfornical organ, and the Median preoptic nucleus (MPO) (brain regions that connect with the PVN and SON; Figure 1) so may mediate osmotic regulation of AVP.…”

Section: 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Changes During Menopause and the Impact on Fluid Regulation

Stachenfeld

2014

Reprod. Sci.

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Reproductive surgeries leave women more susceptible to postoperative hypervolemic hyponatremia because during this period women can retain water at an accelerated pace and much faster than they do sodium. This review proposes that estrogen and progestogen exposure play an important role in the increased risk of hyponatremia in menopausal women. Estrogen and progesterone exposure have important effects on both body fluid regulation and cardiovascular function and both of these reproductive hormones impact blood pressure responses to sodium loads. This article provides information on the effects of female reproductive hormones and hormone therapy (HT) on fluid regulation and cardiovascular function during menopause. Thirst-and fluid-regulating hormones respond to both osmotic and volume stimuli. Aging women maintain thirst sensitivity to osmotic stimuli but lose some thirst sensitivity to changes in central body fluid volume. Thus, older adults are more at risk of dehydration because they may replenish fluids at a slower rate. Estrogen therapy increases osmotic sensitivity for mechanisms to retain body water so may help menopausal women control body fluids and avoid dehydration. Some progestogens can mitigate estradiol effects on water and sodium retention through competition with aldosterone for the mineralocorticoid receptor and attenuating aldosterone-mediated sodium retention in the distal tubule. However, some progestogens can increase cardiovascular risks. Appropriate balance of these hormones within HT is important to avoid the negative consequences of body fluid and sodium retention, including edema and hypertension.Keywords hormone therapy, estrogen, progesterone, body fluid regulation, arginine vasopressin Reproductive surgeries leave women more susceptible to postoperative hypervolemic hyponatremia because women retain water at a faster rate than sodium during this period, 1-5 especially after reproductive surgeries. 4,7 Indeed, women are at high risk of postoperative hyponatremia even after relatively low-risk surgeries such as operative hysteroscopy. In such surgeries, glycine solution (lacking electrolytes) is used as a distension medium and can cause intravascular volume retention, increasing the risk of hyponatremia, cerebral and/or pulmonary edema, psychological disturbances, and even death. 4,[8][9] A combination of anesthesia, nausea, and the postsurgical experience tends to increase arginine vasopressin (AVP). This hormone, the primary hormone involved in free water retention, is also associated with altered astroglia volume regulation in both pre-and postmenopausal (PM) women. 3,5,10,11 Studies in animals support an important role for estradiol in increasing astroglia volume in women with hyponatremia, suggesting a role for female reproductive hormones in the dire consequences that can be associated with postoperative hyponatremia in both young and PM women. 6,12 Hormones During MenopauseThe stages of the menopause transition are classified by changes in menstrual bleeding, concomitant...

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Effect of ovarian sex steroids on osmoregulation and vasopressin secretion in the rat

Cited by 64 publications

References 23 publications

Estrogen effects on osmotic regulation of AVP and fluid balance

Estrogen effects on osmotic regulation of AVP and fluid balance

Angiotensin II AT_1AReceptor mRNA Expression Is Induced by Estrogen–Progesterone in Dopaminergic Neurons of the Female Rat Arcuate Nucleus

Hormonal Changes During Menopause and the Impact on Fluid Regulation

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Effect of ovarian sex steroids on osmoregulation and vasopressin secretion in the rat

Cited by 64 publications

References 23 publications

Estrogen effects on osmotic regulation of AVP and fluid balance

Estrogen effects on osmotic regulation of AVP and fluid balance

Angiotensin II AT1AReceptor mRNA Expression Is Induced by Estrogen–Progesterone in Dopaminergic Neurons of the Female Rat Arcuate Nucleus

Hormonal Changes During Menopause and the Impact on Fluid Regulation

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Angiotensin II AT_1AReceptor mRNA Expression Is Induced by Estrogen–Progesterone in Dopaminergic Neurons of the Female Rat Arcuate Nucleus